A graduate in four years 80 Reflections of China!
Author: Anonymous articles sent to: Utopia Update Time :2009-10-30
graduate four years after a 80 Reflections of China! ( transfer)
a blink of an eye, has graduated more than 4 years, my children also have more than 3 years old. once he thought he was very young, she felt as a child, looking back, that everything has gone. The Master said, torrent, ideals, has been exciting, to dream, have fought the face of reality, a compromise has been the face of temptation, has surrendered before. However, with life, I never gave up thinking, but who follow the crowd never gave up self. Over the years, been through a lot, I hope to put it on a number of years experience and interact with you.
on the Chinese economy: Even foreigners know that China's economy is a miracle, 10% for 20 consecutive years of growth , or perhaps even because of a false start made the national GDP, to the country in recent years to suppress GDP, can say that China's GDP has never been announced is not true. but be sure that 20 years of rapid growth is indisputable. However, this is 20 years of economic growth, brought to China what? say China's economic growth, we must first understand how China's economy is growing, I think that China's economy is brought about by the factory of the world's . I have thought about what kind of country can become the world's factory, and why the developed countries set aside political prejudices have chosen China as the world's factory.
I think as a world factory, we must first have the following conditions:
1. must have a sufficient labor force: to want to do the world's factory, must have sufficient labor force, which is the foundation. China has 1.4 billion people, there is sufficient labor protection;
2. in the area to have a stable political foundation and the environment: no doubt, on this earth, China is more democratic country than the few, the autocratic rule of decision to a stable political environment;
3. the labor to have a certain IQ: IQ and if there is no certain education, protection, do not have enough skills, not to participate in the modernization of industry;
4. labor to extremely low;
5. in the region had no religious beliefs: religious people can not become a cheap labor force , there will be a person with faith can not give up something, and China, through countless hardships, faith has become a humble thing, but money is the goal for all;
6. in the area who can not be lazy: Africans can not, too lazy to make the number of how much, and China, just as our history books put it, areas have sufficient resources to: do the world's factory, raw materials is very important, energy is also very important, vast land of China stand the toss, the first coal reserves, a lot of resources among the best;
8. the environment from regional government to allow crazy damage: Needless to say, China is developing at the same time, the environment has been hit.
from the above conditions, not difficult to understand the developed capitalist countries would give up years of prejudice and confrontation, acceptance into a socialist country factory of the world.
I often regret that he did not learn when the junior high school, but I also vaguely remember the evil of political books on the description of capitalism, and I still remember the And what is happening in China, and the original is too the resemblance of capitalism? farmers lost their land, becoming a proletarian, but unfortunately the city as migrant workers, has become the modern era can not be stopped on the gear, the driver of China's huge machine brave move. Yes, our great socialist country in just ten years has trained many world-class rich, in their eyes, dozens of the amount of Hummer toys, tens of millions of luxury is a mere trifle, But? behind this it? several employees of these enterprises could afford to buy a house? I'm afraid this is a true portrayal of the Chinese economy, China's economy is like a full hand diamond ring Kuotai Tai, followed by a group of ragged servants. China's economy is on the assembly line workers, more than ten hours a day, 500 a month to block wage to come forward. are those in the mine, more than 6,000 people die each year of the miners dug out. is that Jiangsu, Zhejiang Yangtze River Delta Now everywhere for over dark water. is that simple hundreds of millions of farmers, the loss of the land, to work in town, selling blood and sweat come.
China's economic growth, and that people get what it? increasing cost of education, ironically, aristocratic university fees, students are selling the output into the price of cabbage, carrot. not to mention the cost of medical care, once in hospital, not to be stripped out a layer of skin, is unlikely to be out of most people in China got the disease is not usually go to the hospital for medical treatment, at least I was one. house? not have to say. In retrospect, people's income? There are several people's income and GDP growth simultaneously? other than civil service.
China's economy is very unique. the rapid development of China's GDP, but the inflation rate is very low, meaning that price increases are not high, Why? because people do not have money, and prices do not rise up. a lot of deposits in China, but consumption is very low, because the little money people have saved up the kids to school, a doctor, used to buy a house, not consumption. China Government's revenue record high, but people's incomes are not gone up, the country rich and poor people.
is the essence of the Chinese economy and the people for profits, the state is from the people of every penny to the mouth wins . China is good for America, you can rely on external trade and domestic wars of aggression for the benefit of the people, the Chinese government as an unqualified housekeeper, crazy looting people's money did not say, can not properly managed, stands to reason that a country is, the people's welfare should be improved, and we? This two decades, the number of welfare farther and farther away from the people? money, many of which are lost by corruption, eat and drink out of prostitution, while more than one billion in China the people, with their own hands, hard work, the premise of unequal trade, for the European and American developed countries to provide cheap shoes, clothes, toys, daily necessities. hard to imagine, if not cheap Chinese goods, Europe and the United States people's lives levels back to what extent. Our shoes to Spain, will be burned, we have not something to say, our products to Europe, America, everywhere face anti-dumping. Our government is certainly wealthy, and Airbus, Boeing cooperation, what child is hundreds of aircraft, orders for billions of dollars. Bo proud to release as saying, China needs at least the next few years, thousands of aircraft. Of course, there is word famous Bo Xilai, China to spend million shirts in exchange for a plane. I tmd do not understand, the Chinese even to dry so many aircraft? Let's migrant workers return home New Year brother sitting up?
now in this world, as long as China needs something, the price surge, while the rich in China, the price has been weak. China is now the world's largest iron ore importer, stands to reason that the biggest buyers, the price negotiation process should have sufficient right to speak, but the situation in the past few years we have seen, is always a unilateral price increase iron ore prices, and the Korean and Japanese companies about negotiations, prices settle down, people do not take you to play. As the world's factory, Copper is an essential raw material for the manufacturing industry, copper prices we all know, all the way to Hurricane. China's State Reserve Bureau in 3500 U.S. dollars for the space, the result has been international speculators short squeeze to $ 4,000, the result can be imagined, should be is lost hundreds of millions of dollars. China is now the second largest importer of oil, the result oil prices to move up sharply, from 30 dollars to have up to 80 dollars, the state-owned Singapore-listed China Aviation Oil is, playing with paper copy of oil cargo, is bearish, the result lost a 500 million U.S. dollars, bankruptcy trouble. the way to start what, if in the mainland, a listed company mess, bankruptcy trouble, small investors can only watch the stock change of paper, there is little way, but in Singapore, I'm sorry, international shareholders do not agree, the state had to restructure enterprises, restructuring is completed inside with taxpayer money. China's coal in the world, but the coal prices? a lot of rare metal reserves in China the world's first such as rare earth, such as titanium (aerospace essential raw materials), the price has been stagnant. Of course, there are wealthy Chinese labor, the price would not have said, a large number of Chinese clothing, shoes, death is cheap , if not cheaper to death, the Spaniards will not have to burn your shoes, ah, because they are inexpensive to one-tenth of others, others have no way to compete. The Chinese government are many examples of incompetence, such as real estate, or Shanghai in China real estate should benefit from the most powerful foreigners, in China's stock market, this year should also benefit from the most powerful is a foreigner, in a word, but others play.
China's real estate:
your room always been interested in real estate, housing prices will continue to rise and is a staunch supporter. Then I said the house is the problem.
first funny thing is, as a socialist country, a country owned, State ownership of land owned by a country, actually there will be problems people can not afford the house itself is a mockery. play a game, we must first understand your opponent, the real estate game, on the one hand the central government + local government + banking, real estate speculators can be counted as a separate business + side of the forces, but his interests and the country is largely in line, or in other words, real estate, China's economy has been kidnapped, so there is no way the State only energy and real estate developers to stand together. the most vulnerable party is the people. When the Chinese economy is facing a crisis, the state suddenly found that real estate is a good aphrodisiac, aphrodisiacs are the results of a dose of this unbridled use of the government until today kinds of riding a tiger of the situation. the Government's interest was of course the land can be obtained by selling large amounts of revenue, of course, by the way can increase the GDP. bank earnings in the wrong? for example, said, such as my family, my life worked so hard to keep 30 million in the bank, the banks have to pay me interest, but if we use the money to buy a 600,000 house, which deposits taken out three hundred thousand, not out of the bank's door, it becomes the bank's assets, you Also down three hundred thousand owed to the bank, you owe the bank became the thirty changing business. Chinese banks are stupid, but have no means of making money, can only rely on savings and loan bad linger, but the loans to state-owned enterprises or other enterprises, dead accounts default rate is very high, real estate loans are the most high-quality banking services, one of the highest returns of the business. development of real estate to have such benefits, the state and banks will hold the holding of real estate aphrodisiac . From this perspective, the developers of this game is just a prop, since it is props to Tusigoupeng inevitable fate, so I know that many real estate owners are Canadian or other nationality, and there is always the end game of the day, they would escape route ready. Finally who will pay for China's frenzied real estate? only the industrious and brave people.
I believe that the state has adopted a policy is not so much to suppress but in order to maintain the prices of real estate, I also believe that many so-called just to be, I also believe that RMB appreciation will bring international hot money to buy property. Many people think that the state has adopted Article X is to suppress the country real estate, this understanding is very wrong, and most can not stand is the national housing slump, as housing prices have fallen, the first hazard is the banks, the bank will become the landlord and the bank is behind the country. so the state said, to strictly enforce the land approval system of land as real estate of raw materials, strict approval process, and that supply is reduced, prices will go up. so the state to raise the land transfer that gold, which is to enhance the practice of raw material costs. 5 years, said second-hand country housing transactions to be charged 20% VAT, which is to protect the real estate business, is very simple, I buy a house in the same place, in order to sell the real estate business more than 20% higher cost, how to play this game ?, etc., etc., and so on, all means nothing more than increase the cost of raw materials, increasing the cost of circulation, all means I only see the national benefit, do not see the benefit of the people. However, the house, as a people's livelihood commodities, rose to the current look, I think is coming to an end. Leaving aside our house in Shanghai, Wuxi's house, about 5000 everywhere, but in Wuxi's wages? 1000 about everywhere, house prices have to a very abnormal degree, no matter how you blow, that scarcity of land, even that silly B non-renewable land (an internationally recognized land is a renewable resource), just how strong and so much more to be the last people there is no purchasing power, That is nonsense. Shanghai's housing prices fell slightly in 2006, while the volume of serious shrinkage, which is performance. one example, a friend of my wife, his mother was ill in bed all year round, its about 2000 a month income , husband of Shanxi, the monthly income of around 3,000, two people buy a set of 40 million house, a ten-million renovation, and I think they at least more than 20 million credit money, but also by the ten million. This are too numerous, the Chinese people to buy a house, that is the whole family, filled a few years go in all the deposits. Many young people wary of buying a house, are also expected to build on top of a better future. But I know , China cut interest rates in 2004 are before the channel is already very low interest rates (interest rate cuts to stimulate consumption, the Bank of China savings is very high, these loans are not out of money). And these few years, China has entered the Canadian interest rate channel, if I remember correctly, in 2005 to the present, has two more rate increases, and this is only the beginning. countries in a dilemma, afraid to raise interest rates to suppress consumption, without fear of excess liquidity, interest rates, so these two years have repeatedly upgrading the deposit reserve ratio, raising interest rates in disguise. With interest rates, the cost of your loan will be increasingly high. but your wages? rapid growth of China's economy has been 20 years, this is a miracle, Is China's economy will go on forever? other regions have been replaced by China as the world factory signs, such as Vietnam and China in recent years something? tech no, no services, the financial sector mess, in addition to the cheap labor, I do not see what China's development. Therefore, this method of buying a house is very scary, once interest rates, and loss of jobs, such families will face disaster. real estate financial products, is capital markets, the last only for the high prices people pay for, how to buy law, I do not know. Japan's real estate, real estate in Hong Kong are warning, I do not understand, how could so many people so optimistic for the price, the simple truth, this world does not earn, instead of losing business (which is considered the house a few years), did not only rise and not fall in the market. other people are doing business in real estate speculation, and if lost, the big deal is the loss of profits , all have lost any business has earned. But we little people do? your house to live a life, you have to repay the loan a few years, the risk that you considered it? Japanese real estate has a lot of people jumping off a building, Hong Kong real estate has also been engaged in a lot of people jumping from buildings, Why China will avoid this process? I said, the Chinese government is incompetent, incompetent government can only make decisions for all the wrong people for his bill state-owned enterprises reform and if so, the case of health care reform, education reform and if so, are the interests of the people selling it. the real estate end the case. Now the risk of the property sector have been gradually exposed, and the Hu-Wen government as the government can not allow house prices to continue to People First go up, but in order to maintain the price unchanged, is impossible, this is the voting market behavior, not help change some people's will. prices rose up, and the stock almost 2 years to rise a 3 / 5 times, or up, I believe it is not bad.
right, but also talk about the recently introduced policy of land value increment tax collection, the message released the same day, the stock market more than 20 real estate companies limit, Even now, many real estate company's stock fell about 30% have not got it together. Why is this policy with such a response? increase land value, that is, real estate companies in order to avoid hoarding of land, a valuable commodity, you do not say no to it? Then do not conceal it, and let cool it out. This greatly increased the developers hoarding land and not development costs, by increasing the supply of property on the market, the result will be, we'll see . I do not believe that China can not be 9.6 million square kilometers with 1.4 billion people living in Japan diao big place, 2 billion people still live in it, but what is the geographical environment in Japan? volcanoes, oceans, earthquakes hh is the funniest recent a press, is the chairman of Wantong Group wrote an article, APB's Wu Po Sum On a TV video communication will, everyone talk about the recent situation, and finally we reached a very clear consensus, a government of these control measures, including improved tax policies that are very positive, and Some policies have been out before, only now on the increased enforcement. When you saw the same industry have such a close relationship? McDonald's and KFC would do that? Lenovo and HP will do it? Wal-Mart and Carrefour will do it? This can only indicate a problem, real estate competition among providers is not, they do not have the interests of the confrontation, their common opponents (opponents hardly be said, at most, prey) is who? What do you think?
abuse aphrodisiacs, so that real estate soon reached a climax, the means used are used, false advertising, collusion, publishing false information, expert oral sex add to the fun, the full support of the Government, as some people say, now, can afford to buy a basic house, can not afford, you're killing him, can not afford to buy. climax has passed? What will be left behind?
Chinese stock market Why is the development of the stock market? Speaking from the Bank of China, China's state-owned enterprises not only to bank loans, banks can not loan, the development of people's livelihood, state-owned enterprises, and the bank state-owned enterprises is a mother of two children, are own business. But after the loans to state-owned enterprises can not replace him, ah, this continues there will be a lot of death bank accounts bad debts, the State must come up with billions of dollars each year funds to help banks fill the hole, the money coming from? course We ordinary people. This will not do, the state can not stand, how to do? out stock market, stock markets of other countries is to give a good corporate finance, China's securities market is set to the state to solve problems. One endangered bankruptcy of enterprises, but to several hundred times the value listed, and then is kept misappropriating, refinancing, but never dividends, such enterprises in China's listed companies everywhere. So, a strange phenomenon, the Chinese Economic bolted the ten years, China's stock market has slumped by 5 / 6 years, some say the stock market undervalued, and did not reflect the strength of the Chinese economy, in my view, the stock market decline did not underestimate the time that the Chinese economy itself not create value-driven Chinese companies, China's gdp is what? investment-led!! are bad companies, the stock market can not fall, it? 5-year bear market, stock market evaporated trillions, the money is this? the vast number of shareholders, which is people buy the single for the country.
why the stock market up: China to immediately open the financial sector is facing, that point out the real situation in China, does not stand the torment, if opening up the financial industry , what BC, CBC, ICBC last is a Little Fairy said. the face of wto agreements, can not lie, how to do, can only be sold to banks, the introduction of strategic management, so to share this cake, you they are not a dead, so there will be sold at banks of that, BTW, before selling the bank, the state almost every bank has to pay for the hundreds of billions in cash, or your bank balance did not stick, others do not ah. the purpose of selling banks are not, nor is the purpose of introducing strategic investors banks have listed. Therefore, China's stock market up in accordance with policy requirements. The stock market is not booming, people did not dare come in, not the stock market, banks can not sell a good price. Therefore, the stock market up, is the country's needs It is the policy needs. you know, the market value of ICBC bank HSBC and other banks more than once topped the throne of the world's largest banks, of course, with the share price fell just short of the emperor made the Chinese stock market has been evident in the madness . The stock market's rise, the state smoothly to the Bank of China, ICBC, Datong-Qinhuangdao Railway, China Life and other giant companies sold to the Chinese people, the words of the economist, this way, Chinese people have the opportunity to take China's rapid development on the train, headed for a happy well-off life. can not well I do not know, but I know that the final bill for the stock market madness, or the people. Bank basically dealt with, but do not give up the meaning of the State, because countries also hope to those who have already listed overseas to get the country to sell the company again and again, is in the A share market. such as Bank of China, China Life is. However, when those in the foreign market price-earnings ratio of only ten times times Company, to A shares when the price-earnings ratio is basically a few times, and apply on you, of course, good price.
there any good companies in China? of course, in Shi Yougang become the most profitable in Asia company (Note that there is no one), over the years to overseas shareholders in the oil gains should be hundreds of billions of dollars of it, while Sinopec, the country it? The list goes on, China's enterprises listed overseas are bullish in the domestic listed companies misappropriating always bullish, it is only by chance it?! rotten world, you get to sell the company, there is no market, others deny it, ah, good company arbitrary, it does not line sold abroad, such as the CAO, you finish off, and also to give me spit it out. Chinese people like to speak much, how bad your company, do not know, since you said the value of one billion is 1,000,000,000 , the big deal is that you each a dollar.
countries now these companies want the oil return, I would like to return when the people's certainly sold a few times if the sold abroad, as do the future earnings, let's not think of. However, as long as the country still think the stock market, but also want to squeeze a little blood and sweat from the stock market, and that the stock market will not stop a thriving scene. because of oil, China Mobile, the biggest names do not return, the state does not will give the people of the opportunity to kill about, and want to sell these companies, you need to create a good atmosphere (the Chinese are very particular about the atmosphere, before the opening should create an atmosphere XX large), the more people lie came. For the stock market, I believe the final results will not escape the bubble disappeared, but it is too early.
why I put the stock market and housing market started about two side by side, because for China, ordinary people very few investment channels, the reasons for people to save money without spending money is because he does not with money, why start there will be shares of China crazy, there full stock, and the National real estate has emerged in recent years?! appreciation of the RMB in channel , but it is certain that the yuan's appreciation has not got to the point of madness, this is a controlled slow appreciation, the state will be a lot of hot money into China. should be said that real estate and stock market, the two should have a great opportunity But for me, the real estate has reached unacceptable proportions, and I always thought that this practice of real estate law is very immoral. stock market there is a huge risk, not the usual retail can play the game. the stock market which wave has undergone two major changes, the first 6 / 7 months, and once that is now a large-scale retail market are carried out under the premise. Why is there such a situation, it is clear that in the retail When a large number of intervention to its surprise hit, and then continue to move up when the retail flesh, in the move up process, is the need to continue to pay for someone.
for China's capital market, my understanding is that real estate and the stock market are two trays, the bank is the middle of the lever, the state is the balance of the shelf, as to where the balance when the ramp is determined by the will of the country is done by the bank to help.
, of course, that so much, China is not without merit, the Hu-Wen's ability to govern is good, the Government has demonstrated a certain degree of determination and sincerity. China will certainly be better and better benefits, complete generally begin the implementation of compulsory education, medical care reform of the basic negative, may be pushed again. For the corruption, I suggest you pay more attention to news .06 to the present, China's provincial governor, provincial party secretary, I estimate that for more than half, it's all in the case of moisten things silently carried out under the punishment of officials, Chen and Liu Zhihua should be the two most typical example, the Shanghai Beijing the playing board 50. In China, is not nothing the international community, China in Africa has access to a huge interest a conference, you can invite up to 60 African heads of state, which can do not other countries, Europe and America looked jealous, said the Chinese engage in neo-colonialism in Africa, to tmd, we are not the same, No more than anyone else clean. But I see that these changes can not cover up China's problems, the simplest thing is a Daughter of the case the past two years particularly, there is a phenomenon that is killed by the Secretary, Deputy Secretary, XX Bureau Long was the woods, a lot of things. In the case of social imbalances, people will become desperate. a press saw people sad, it was an explosion in the bank robbed 20 million in cash, too funny, and such a crime must be to decapitation, to what extent a person would do such a thing? 20 million, but an official corruption what kind of punishment will receive it? 200 million it corruption? now it is the corruption of 2 billion, also sentenced to a more than ten years now.
Chinese officials have not a new flight services, and recently saw two news, one is Lang Lang has become our nationals, one is double-Li joined the Hong Kong membership application, there is a filled in to the recent Son of the trend in Hong Kong. In the face of China, we can not be too pessimistic, but definitely not optimistic, I do not understand, to what extent a country well, so almost all of them will have to wait to leave him? corrupt officials can understand But Li was double that special treatment in the country, who had also left a very good, why is this? children in Hong Kong cost is not low, like a trip down to ten million, what is the reason these people mind to spend so much to do in Hong Kong's father? although the same under the national flag. I know is that the face of this country, they can escape, which more than one billion people are captive, and I want to be one of them, a total of witness China's present and future.
why the tears in my eyes often, because I love this land of deep
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Monday, February 28, 2011
Sunday, February 27, 2011
Ericsson, Huawei, Nokia Siemens Networks, said the report points out the first three mobile device business
Index of this report contains various suppliers in WCDMA, GSM, CDMA, WiMAX, LTE and the first area of statistics included in the estimated income and sales.
Nokia Siemens Networks has made a strong fourth quarter growth in net sales of 3.961 billion euros (54.4 billion U.S. dollars), up 9%, the annual sales of healthy and profitable. Mainly due to good performance on behalf of the company's 3G business service and maintenance of strong growth. In the field of network systems, Nokia Siemens Networks is also so far the 193 WCDMA / HSPA LTE customers and 31 commercial contracts to continue to strengthen its market leading position.
the basis of published financial results, Ericsson's fourth quarter net profit from a year ago became one of the 7 billion kronor to 4.4 billion kronor (C114 Note: at current exchange rate about U.S. $ 687,000,000, below); sales of SEK 62.8 billion (98 billion U.S. dollars), an increase of 8%.
C114 YORK, February 23 evening news (Shuyun Wen), according to market research firm Dell'Oro recently released report shows that the fourth quarter of 2010, the global mobile device market is significant growth, Ericsson, Nokia Siemens communications (the
Nokia Siemens Networks market share in WCDMA to 25.6%; GSM market share increased to 25.0%; GSM / WCDMA / LTE overall market share increased to 24.8%.
the fourth quarter, Ericsson's market share rose to 36.9%; Nokia Siemens Networks with the sound development of WCDMA and GSM market share increased 1.6% in the third quarter of the school, ranked second with 21.4% ; Huawei and Alcatel-Lucent have experienced a decline in market share, Huawei's market share fell to 17.9%.
Nokia Siemens Networks has made a strong fourth quarter growth in net sales of 3.961 billion euros (54.4 billion U.S. dollars), up 9%, the annual sales of healthy and profitable. Mainly due to good performance on behalf of the company's 3G business service and maintenance of strong growth. In the field of network systems, Nokia Siemens Networks is also so far the 193 WCDMA / HSPA LTE customers and 31 commercial contracts to continue to strengthen its market leading position.
the basis of published financial results, Ericsson's fourth quarter net profit from a year ago became one of the 7 billion kronor to 4.4 billion kronor (C114 Note: at current exchange rate about U.S. $ 687,000,000, below); sales of SEK 62.8 billion (98 billion U.S. dollars), an increase of 8%.
C114 YORK, February 23 evening news (Shuyun Wen), according to market research firm Dell'Oro recently released report shows that the fourth quarter of 2010, the global mobile device market is significant growth, Ericsson, Nokia Siemens communications (the
Nokia Siemens Networks market share in WCDMA to 25.6%; GSM market share increased to 25.0%; GSM / WCDMA / LTE overall market share increased to 24.8%.
the fourth quarter, Ericsson's market share rose to 36.9%; Nokia Siemens Networks with the sound development of WCDMA and GSM market share increased 1.6% in the third quarter of the school, ranked second with 21.4% ; Huawei and Alcatel-Lucent have experienced a decline in market share, Huawei's market share fell to 17.9%.
Thursday, February 24, 2011
If with one mind
Master switch
directory:
230. My mother in law this year, nine years old, recite three decades, has been blind for two years, but recently saw a lot of strange phenomena, may I ask how is this going?
231. disciple people at home are all Buddhists, the Buddhist understanding of the parents are also many years ago, but unfortunately they are not enough in-depth understanding of Buddhism, the mother would have died of the acute, and her father suffering from Alzheimer's disease, so parents did not accept the Three Refuges. Today, in addition to the father of his disciples and family medicine, listen to Buddha machine, before the Buddha on his behalf seeking repentance and charity, the the need to help him by three converted, so there is no help for him?
232. Pure Land Dharma is to achieve Buddhahood in the shade?
233. We are specializing in the Pure Land Dharma, and the need in the first day, fifth read br> 234. Some Foqi, also read the ten small curse, curse the other, is this inclusion?
235. In the tablets?
236. to the rule drowsy, irrational thoughts, what is the best way?
237. at home, chanting, chanting, can play devices?
238. chanting, the middle of a telephone call, Does take calls, then keep reading?
239. rostrum with two words: 240. Zen philosophy, concentrate on eating a meal, driving to concentrate on driving. But the Pure Land practice, eat Buddha, Buddha is also walking, whether with one mind, lack of concentration?
241. Changji light and the Western Pure Land Pure Land What's the difference? state whether equal?
242. my mother had read twenty years of Japan's ?
244. Western Pure Land No age, educational level limit? the unit to which the inquiry?
247. disciples have a son, a soldier returned from the disease to the present, is the karmic creditors ridden, six, seven years, doctors diagnosed schizophrenia , now live the spirit of nursing homes. How do I help him eliminate karma?
248. If someone is under the evil spell, how should I do?
249. Recently, a relative died, died during the period of mourning is, in the cremation ashes After not put into the urns, it should be how to deal with?
250. Some scholars say is the musical culture of Confucianism, Buddhism is Kugan culture, is this cause between the inner?
251. I wash Guanyin Bodhisattva, do not accidentally broke a finger, how should I do?
252. When the disciples looked at the Buddha statues, and read a very appropriate time, eyes closed, to see all of the environmental objects, including windows and doors , photo frames, statues, are bright. and by the time in listening to tired, eyes closed above situation also appeared, but several fellow practitioners on the head in front of shine.
253. recite twenty minutes not Dawang Xiang, having a martial arts into a film? can be reborn? Twenty minutes later, paranoia underway, how do?
254. How to get the Samadhi Buddha?
255. to know good to know evil, know is not known how to do it without attachment?
256. my father in the gas under anger, said: When you are looking for revenge. , electricity, candles, vegetable oil will do, we should not use butter lamps?
259. disciples at school sometimes, but not to the effort into a piece of Buddha, please show mercy to open.
260. I used to have buying, selling, what price to sell high, I bought the same high price for the Master Jiaoren. Another time, cleaning tables and washing sell the syrup, blisters much less syrup, was bought by the temple. I ask whether this guilty of stealing monk thing?
261. My mother is a Christian before his death, had lived for many years, I occasionally dream about in a dream. I support the mother in the photo next to Buddha, Buddha every day, reading to give her, whether as law?
262. If a person lives, one day off in one breath, and opened machine is able to be reborn in Buddha?
263. disciple of Buddha way to practice breathing, each exhale, read a word, four words chanted for a loop, continuous, light a few minutes silence will enter the state of security, when the chanting stops automatically. If at this time deliberately brought the chanting, and just as quiet lake in the stoning of the sub- and even now are chanted in the calm before the disturbance, under this condition, the state should remain silent, or be brought Beige, so that uninterrupted? 230, my nine year old mother in law, recite thirty years, the eyes blindness has been two years, but recently saw many strange phenomena, may I ask how is this going? that pay special attention to, if this phenomenon is not corresponding with the Buddhist sense, that is, karma is, she's karmic creditors to obstacles her practice. If she can see the phenomenon, and by the corresponding terms, which is good. For example, she said, to see the Buddha, Bodhisattva, or Paradise, this is a good level. All in all, advised her as one Buddha, Buddha is Mindfulness, no matter what the state is not going to ignore the former, or to go people say, see if not seen, this state to no harm. If the state is often spoken of, and often thought in mind, that is, Magic Land. She read so recite years, must help her be reborn. 231, his disciples were more than a Buddhist family, the parents are understanding of Buddhism many years ago, but unfortunately they are not enough in-depth understanding of Buddhism, the mother would have the emergency passed away, his father also suffered from Alzheimer's disease, so the parents did not accept the Three Refuges. Today, in addition to the father of his disciples and family medicine, listen to Buddha machine, before the Buddha on his behalf seeking repentance and charity, the the need to help him by three converted, so to him there Help? help. to help him by the Three Refuges, that is your copy of filial piety. you can explain the three refuges of the tape, often put to him, he knew, this is the real conversion, to his interests very substantial. 232, Pure Land Dharma is to achieve Buddhahood in the shade? to be clear in the shade of meaning, the meaning of Buddha by speaking, three kinds of people do not bardo: The first is the Buddha who died, when dying, the Buddha to escorts, but not the negative. The second is the great good fortune in life day to do good in this life , one breathe, Heaven came escorts, but not the negative. The third is the former sin heavy people who fall into hell, nor in the negative. In addition to these three, the are in the shade. speaking, the general bardo forty-nine days after the seventy-seven, and reincarnation, and in the shade did not have. So, people do not pray to Buddha passed away in the shade, it must be clear. 233, we are specializing in the Pure Land Dharma, whether in who started fifth read specializing in the Pure Land if they would be no need. Qianlong era, Tsz Wan Initiation Master in the weight, all of all the classic, confessional rituals can not save and, finally, it can save a Beige. Wuni Wicked made the crime, as long as he continued breath, clear-headed, real repentance, it can be reborn in a Beige . If you have no way to dementia, which is now before the karma. So, name merit incredible, all through repentance can not be compared. 234, some Foqi, also read the ten small curse, curse the other, which be regarded as inclusions? This is mixed, are mixture of these was a lack of confidence, it does have hampered their own. 235, in the We have a lot of Buddha next to the Church of the tablets, so we were playing Foqi, as one Buddha, these souls also followed us to the Buddha, the merit extremely Most Excellent. 236, on the governance of drowsy, irrational thoughts, the best way? by line, Buddha. usually the Church which is the Buddha Buddha area, surrounded by a zone around the Buddha, flanked by only quiet area. easy drowsy, use around the Buddha, the Buddha's method of governance. delusion more time, with only static just as quiet and meditation. Therefore, the method does not necessarily know how to adjust myself to what works, what method to use. 237, at home, chanting, chanting, can play devices? of you need to know what the intention of instruments used in ? is to let everyone together retreats, voice, tone, action can be uniform, the solemn temples. So play at least two or more devices, it is necessary, if a person is not necessary. not to say that the Buddha play device Buddha was glad, and do not play device is not happy Buddha. instruments used in the rhythm of the music is to help the solemn temples, uniform. 238, chanting, the middle of a telephone call, whether or take calls, then keep reading ? have a legal case, when the Ming Dynasty, Qi is a star, also a devout Buddhist, life Shouchi He chanting salvation. He woke up after he recited a really a only get half. He shook his hand, said no, but did not speak. shook his hand, and this mixture, so this The no effect, and must be re-read it again from start to finish. So, back to the man chanting, can be effective, all in a sincere heart, honesty is the so-called spirit, which we have to remember. 239, and the pulpit There are two words: the elderly. The most important is who have decided? do not mind all right. clearly, plainly, this is wisdom; do not mind, it is meditation; Dinghui such repair, martial arts will make progress. With time, and one can appreciate the Buddha realm.
which many people want to do, but can not do, why not? fundamental reason is that not all living creatures, no longevity. Mahayana outside, unable to enter the gate. This statement is not good experience, stood out a little shallow, that is, we have weak, and slowly the removal, to no selfish, who have decided as a society, as living beings, we can into the Buddhist environment. hope that fellow practitioners to experience a lot, a serious effort to turn this idea. 240, Zen concept, focus on eating a meal, driving to concentrate on driving. but Pure Land practice, eat Buddha, Buddha is also walking, whether with one mind, lack of concentration? In fact, the net is the same with the Zen, there is no difference. If the job needs to think, put the Buddha down; if the manual labor work, without thinking, the work can also be Buddhism. As for the car when the Buddha, with one mind is really easy to go wrong. So, concentrate on work at work, when you concentrate on Buddha Buddha, on the right. 241, and the Western Pure Land Pure Land Changji light What's the difference? state the same? identical Changji fruit on the ground alone, if they visit the card, all the Jiguang soil of all the Buddhas are the same. 242, my mother had read twenty years Japan's Buddha Pure Land to survive, to survive if you do not pray to Buddha Pure Land, the gifted missed. 243, just listen to the master's been and who chanted, whether as law this practice? Buddhist further studies, regardless of which path to enlightenment, whether success lies in the . can be achieved.'s Most Excellent Pure Land Dharma, Dharma is that it is the second force. We must depend on Foli escorts, and their induction as long as there is specialization. Among other Famennian relies entirely on the self, much more difficulty. If your inability to eliminate karma, Duan Fannao, beyond the Three Realms was not easy, must be clear. 244, Western Pure Land Master of praise to the uttermost, said: a little too much? ; You say that we have in this world, the Western Paradise, there can not we have this place, that place his air, which is does not make sense. of said space, the phase indeed there. Therefore, we must believe that the Western Paradise indeed the world has, they are not to fall pray to Buddha. As for the What problems can be solved. 245, Banzhou such as law or by the line is not as good as law? such as law, we are actually imitating Banzhou Samadhi Buddha. monk (that is, Devon monk), he taught the Buddha Dharma Zenzai lad is ninety days can not sleep, can not sit down, this is not ordinary people can do. Therefore, to around the Buddha Buddha Buddha main hall is Banzhou samadhi. degenerated time people do not have the mental, physical, and indeed around tired, forced to the next break, take a seat. If poor health, unable to walk, you can read lying down, asleep reading, sitting, reading; if the body could be maintained around the Buddha decided to mainly around the time of the Buddha must be long. 246, does the sick soldier back to the present, is the karmic creditors ridden, six, seven years, doctors diagnosed schizophrenia, is now living spirit of the nursing home. How do I help him eliminate karma? this matter not insurmountable, the problem is there is no people are willing to help him; real people willing to help him, and decided to get induced. common land and water law will, release method will not work because the force is too weak, no induction. How have the sensor? Head women and women of light is the best example of Brahman. Optical Head is female and female Brahman sincere heart, to help pro-family dependents out of misery, hair is the real state of mind. Brahmin women chanting day and night, at least to do as one does not disorder, which is a remarkable achievement. First, the Bodhisattva, one who suffer.
day or seven days if you can, read to this effort, he will have a degree. if it is not the effort, is also good for him, but not easy to recover . Therefore, it was really the heart and, really for the Buddha, as Buddha, he is the Buddha's dependents, he will be able to get degrees. is by no means Youkouwuxin, read a little after, and read several times on the Great Compassion Mantra effective, can only be read than do not read well, the real effect is very limited, should know. 248, if someone is under the evil spell, how should I do? This is sorcery, and in many parts of China. I was a child studying in Guizhou, western Henan, Guizhou, with Miao people are poisoning, with the similar. All in all, the heart is, the line is, naturally good god bless, especially Buddha who read the decision Buddhas protect and will not encounter these sorcerers. though sorcerers also encountered Do not fear, as long as the life and death see very light, not afraid to die. to compassion, and every thought for all living beings, and I live in this body for the public life of the world, for the living Buddha, all evil will be far outside the Ghost from the left. Why? you have law enforcement protection is God, Buddha nursing study. Those who encounter these things, it stresses are also retribution. retribution thing is endless, we decided to do these silly things. if achieve the deceased was, in the ashes after cremation, do not put into the urn, should I do? died by the so-called Dharani is, do not put into the urns, incineration enough. the best to the temple inside the cremation incineration, which If the law is. 250, some scholars say is the musical culture of Confucianism, Buddhism is Kugan culture, is this cause between the inner? without cause. say such things, did not find out of Confucian, and Buddhist family did not find out. Sidel Buddhist people from suffering, how is Kugan culture? he do not understand Buddhism, not to ignore what he said. 251, Bodhisattva Guanyin, I wash, do not accidentally get a finger broken, how should I do? does not matter, the Buddha would not blame you. Jieshang Qu even better if not connected to does not matter, because you are not intentional. intentionally have sin, you are not yourself, do not put In the heart, honest read like the Goddess of Mercy. 252, when the disciples looked at the Buddha statues, and read a very appropriate time, eyes closed, to see all of the environmental objects, including doors, windows, frames, statues, are bright. they had been when listening to tired, eyes closed above situation also appeared, but several fellow practitioners on the head in front of shine. Buddha in the appears, for example, see the Buddha shine, this is a good state, there appeared a very terrible devil evil realm. But whether it is Buddha environment, Magic Land, is not going to bother, do not mind, is a good state; if the heart, often think, it is easy obsession into Magic Land. have these realms do not have to tell people. Zen patriarch often say: sutra, . 253, recite twenty minutes, not Dawang Xiang, having a martial arts into a film? can be reborn? Twenty minutes later, paranoia was underway, and how to do? people in the dying Buddha Da Wangxiang not have twenty minutes to decide passed away. So, usually to be able to maintain, the longer the better to keep the time, the total force in the dying need them. usually is training, training, dying is the war. whether success lies in the dying moments. Therefore, we can not not Salford, can not accumulate virtue, if not Salford Jide, Lin Mingzhong, the karmic creditors to disrupt, passed away this opportunity to recite the whole students are a barrier. this situation I have seen in the past have Yuanshan Rinzai Temple a Recitation Society, vice president of the Lin Daoqi Fuzhou Lay is very pious. Buddha is held once a week, Lin Jushi when Weina, read very well, and ritual objects are struck well. But when he Lin Mingzhong, demons are before, I heard the chanting hate, afraid to die, people bewildered.
there are many Buddha's fellow practitioners, have dementia, confusion, which can not be reborn. reborn in the Western Paradise of the conditions, the first One is conscious, it is blessing. Therefore, we Salford, now do not enjoy, so enjoy life again when Lin Mingzhong, the blessing is that people clearly understand. people dying well, to understand, even if not to survive the Western Paradise, decided not to fall into the three lower realms. all the three lower realms to be reborn, in a muddle, confusion to go. Thus, the usual tired plot work ethics, Duane rehabilitated more than anything else. and effort into the film, the decision is to down million margin, can be achieved. 254, how to get the Samadhi Buddha? Samadhi compete with superficial, deep, the difference a lot. The first is into martial arts films, generally easy to get mortals, the Health Van Saint cohabitation soil; the second is not as one thing disorder, which is higher in the Samadhi Buddha, see trouble thinking broken, raw land is more than convenient; third is bent on chaos management, which is the highest Samadhi Buddha, most people may not be life, this is breaking a product of ignorance, permit a sub-body of law, the Health and FACT solemn soil.
how can I get? other Bodhisattvas say: . Bono environment run on six Wangwaimian Liu Chen, eyes like to see, ears like to hear bad habits have been troubled by the turn. Buddha taught us to put six back, eyes not to look outside the state, specifically to see Amitabha; ears do not listen outside voice, specifically to listen to the chanting; such as one dedicated to easy achievement Samadhi. Bodhisattva Ming Miao say: . Buddha taught us: do not cling to it? know good and evil is very important! Yin Kuang focus on teaching life in this door, he used and live. It can cause achievements of our Buddha passed away.
how to do is not attached? This effort must be really cognitive , and know the , dharmas is empty. Buddhism we are from all delusion, namely, rigid, right decision. 256, under my father in the gas anger, said: you these Buddhist people. parents, Feng Shi teachers. You still have to do in accordance with Buddhist ritual, this is truly filial. 257, we are always dying people reciting, but some people say: accounts. Buddha said, to help two people died, to sophisticated than your own; to help a dozen people died, and your reward for limitless; to help hundreds of people died, you are a true bodhisattva. reciting Buddha is to help people died This is the first and so merit the world, no more than the merit of the Most Excellent. all to follow the Buddha, the Buddhist four of us according to the law: law failing people, meaning non-compliance by language, can not be defined according to the meaning of non-compliance, identify non-compliance by Chile (depending on not follow emotional sense). So, to those who say there is no evidence, casually rumors, can not win the trust of people. 258, point of butter lamps before the Buddha, butter milk, milk is blood and sweat of the mother. ancient no electricity, forgiven, and now power developed, with electricity, using candles, vegetable oil will do, we should not use butter lamps? your opinion is true that we have here before the Buddha an oil lamp lit, this is not butter, vegetable oil. Buddha is a table in front of the law for the lights, light a symbol of burning yourself, someone else shine, take the mean; we see this light, we must think of us as willing to sacrifice themselves as light, to help others. Buddha taught us to use this method, let us not forget self-sacrifice. So, with the lights , most likely with the candle table method, with the lights on is not easy to perceive. 259, his disciples at school sometimes, but not to the effort into a piece of Buddha, please show mercy to open. This matter can not worry, we can not neglect, as long as honest read Just go. really be honest, it is not an easy thing. the ancient saying: edge down as one million Buddha, with no distractions, delusions, such people have achieved. The second is the Such people are easily achieved. is among the most trouble, a lot of delusional thoughts, after listening a lot of skepticism: the Buddha read a few years, how has no news? me to read in the end there is not effective? so that both the issues raised are not honest, honest people will not be a problem. But the question must be asked, previously doing business, very high price to sell things, I bought the same high price for the Master Jiaoren. Another time, sell the syrup to wash washing tables, blisters much less syrup, was bought by the temple. Will Is this monk guilty of stealing things? this without my answer, you already answered. for the disciples of the Buddha, Buddhism, important for further studies of our first principle is 261, my mother is a Christian before his death, had lived for many years, I occasionally dream about in a dream. I support the mother in the photo next to Buddha, Buddha every day, reading such as the law. This situation is a folk custom of burning paper money for him, because he was mostly in ghosts; if it is Buddhist, he shall recite, chant, the merits be dedicated to him. 262, if a person lived, one day in one breath broken open whether the reborn Buddha Machine? in the last resort under the can. We want to always use the Buddha Machine, with the habit, do not break, very helpful to the dying Buddha. 263, a disciple of Buddha way to practice breathing, Long-Quan Ming dynasty plug, each exhale, read a word, four words chanted for a loop, continuous, light a few minutes silence will enter the state of security, when the chanting stops automatically. If at this time deliberately brought Beige, as in testing the waters of the lake, quiet child, and even now are chanted in the calm before the disturbance, under this condition, the state should remain silent, or be brought Beige, so that uninterrupted?
by this method Buddha, the realm of silence is read to the former, this is a kung fu, the martial arts is very shallow, called So chanted to rain thick uninterrupted. other Bodhisattvas Buddha taught the method:
directory:
230. My mother in law this year, nine years old, recite three decades, has been blind for two years, but recently saw a lot of strange phenomena, may I ask how is this going?
231. disciple people at home are all Buddhists, the Buddhist understanding of the parents are also many years ago, but unfortunately they are not enough in-depth understanding of Buddhism, the mother would have died of the acute, and her father suffering from Alzheimer's disease, so parents did not accept the Three Refuges. Today, in addition to the father of his disciples and family medicine, listen to Buddha machine, before the Buddha on his behalf seeking repentance and charity, the the need to help him by three converted, so there is no help for him?
232. Pure Land Dharma is to achieve Buddhahood in the shade?
233. We are specializing in the Pure Land Dharma, and the need in the first day, fifth read br> 234. Some Foqi, also read the ten small curse, curse the other, is this inclusion?
235. In the tablets?
236. to the rule drowsy, irrational thoughts, what is the best way?
237. at home, chanting, chanting, can play devices?
238. chanting, the middle of a telephone call, Does take calls, then keep reading?
239. rostrum with two words: 240. Zen philosophy, concentrate on eating a meal, driving to concentrate on driving. But the Pure Land practice, eat Buddha, Buddha is also walking, whether with one mind, lack of concentration?
241. Changji light and the Western Pure Land Pure Land What's the difference? state whether equal?
242. my mother had read twenty years of Japan's ?
244. Western Pure Land No age, educational level limit? the unit to which the inquiry?
247. disciples have a son, a soldier returned from the disease to the present, is the karmic creditors ridden, six, seven years, doctors diagnosed schizophrenia , now live the spirit of nursing homes. How do I help him eliminate karma?
248. If someone is under the evil spell, how should I do?
249. Recently, a relative died, died during the period of mourning is, in the cremation ashes After not put into the urns, it should be how to deal with?
250. Some scholars say is the musical culture of Confucianism, Buddhism is Kugan culture, is this cause between the inner?
251. I wash Guanyin Bodhisattva, do not accidentally broke a finger, how should I do?
252. When the disciples looked at the Buddha statues, and read a very appropriate time, eyes closed, to see all of the environmental objects, including windows and doors , photo frames, statues, are bright. and by the time in listening to tired, eyes closed above situation also appeared, but several fellow practitioners on the head in front of shine.
253. recite twenty minutes not Dawang Xiang, having a martial arts into a film? can be reborn? Twenty minutes later, paranoia underway, how do?
254. How to get the Samadhi Buddha?
255. to know good to know evil, know is not known how to do it without attachment?
256. my father in the gas under anger, said: When you are looking for revenge. , electricity, candles, vegetable oil will do, we should not use butter lamps?
259. disciples at school sometimes, but not to the effort into a piece of Buddha, please show mercy to open.
260. I used to have buying, selling, what price to sell high, I bought the same high price for the Master Jiaoren. Another time, cleaning tables and washing sell the syrup, blisters much less syrup, was bought by the temple. I ask whether this guilty of stealing monk thing?
261. My mother is a Christian before his death, had lived for many years, I occasionally dream about in a dream. I support the mother in the photo next to Buddha, Buddha every day, reading to give her, whether as law?
262. If a person lives, one day off in one breath, and opened machine is able to be reborn in Buddha?
263. disciple of Buddha way to practice breathing, each exhale, read a word, four words chanted for a loop, continuous, light a few minutes silence will enter the state of security, when the chanting stops automatically. If at this time deliberately brought the chanting, and just as quiet lake in the stoning of the sub- and even now are chanted in the calm before the disturbance, under this condition, the state should remain silent, or be brought Beige, so that uninterrupted? 230, my nine year old mother in law, recite thirty years, the eyes blindness has been two years, but recently saw many strange phenomena, may I ask how is this going? that pay special attention to, if this phenomenon is not corresponding with the Buddhist sense, that is, karma is, she's karmic creditors to obstacles her practice. If she can see the phenomenon, and by the corresponding terms, which is good. For example, she said, to see the Buddha, Bodhisattva, or Paradise, this is a good level. All in all, advised her as one Buddha, Buddha is Mindfulness, no matter what the state is not going to ignore the former, or to go people say, see if not seen, this state to no harm. If the state is often spoken of, and often thought in mind, that is, Magic Land. She read so recite years, must help her be reborn. 231, his disciples were more than a Buddhist family, the parents are understanding of Buddhism many years ago, but unfortunately they are not enough in-depth understanding of Buddhism, the mother would have the emergency passed away, his father also suffered from Alzheimer's disease, so the parents did not accept the Three Refuges. Today, in addition to the father of his disciples and family medicine, listen to Buddha machine, before the Buddha on his behalf seeking repentance and charity, the the need to help him by three converted, so to him there Help? help. to help him by the Three Refuges, that is your copy of filial piety. you can explain the three refuges of the tape, often put to him, he knew, this is the real conversion, to his interests very substantial. 232, Pure Land Dharma is to achieve Buddhahood in the shade? to be clear in the shade of meaning, the meaning of Buddha by speaking, three kinds of people do not bardo: The first is the Buddha who died, when dying, the Buddha to escorts, but not the negative. The second is the great good fortune in life day to do good in this life , one breathe, Heaven came escorts, but not the negative. The third is the former sin heavy people who fall into hell, nor in the negative. In addition to these three, the are in the shade. speaking, the general bardo forty-nine days after the seventy-seven, and reincarnation, and in the shade did not have. So, people do not pray to Buddha passed away in the shade, it must be clear. 233, we are specializing in the Pure Land Dharma, whether in who started fifth read specializing in the Pure Land if they would be no need. Qianlong era, Tsz Wan Initiation Master in the weight, all of all the classic, confessional rituals can not save and, finally, it can save a Beige. Wuni Wicked made the crime, as long as he continued breath, clear-headed, real repentance, it can be reborn in a Beige . If you have no way to dementia, which is now before the karma. So, name merit incredible, all through repentance can not be compared. 234, some Foqi, also read the ten small curse, curse the other, which be regarded as inclusions? This is mixed, are mixture of these was a lack of confidence, it does have hampered their own. 235, in the We have a lot of Buddha next to the Church of the tablets, so we were playing Foqi, as one Buddha, these souls also followed us to the Buddha, the merit extremely Most Excellent. 236, on the governance of drowsy, irrational thoughts, the best way? by line, Buddha. usually the Church which is the Buddha Buddha area, surrounded by a zone around the Buddha, flanked by only quiet area. easy drowsy, use around the Buddha, the Buddha's method of governance. delusion more time, with only static just as quiet and meditation. Therefore, the method does not necessarily know how to adjust myself to what works, what method to use. 237, at home, chanting, chanting, can play devices? of you need to know what the intention of instruments used in ? is to let everyone together retreats, voice, tone, action can be uniform, the solemn temples. So play at least two or more devices, it is necessary, if a person is not necessary. not to say that the Buddha play device Buddha was glad, and do not play device is not happy Buddha. instruments used in the rhythm of the music is to help the solemn temples, uniform. 238, chanting, the middle of a telephone call, whether or take calls, then keep reading ? have a legal case, when the Ming Dynasty, Qi is a star, also a devout Buddhist, life Shouchi He chanting salvation. He woke up after he recited a really a only get half. He shook his hand, said no, but did not speak. shook his hand, and this mixture, so this The no effect, and must be re-read it again from start to finish. So, back to the man chanting, can be effective, all in a sincere heart, honesty is the so-called spirit, which we have to remember. 239, and the pulpit There are two words: the elderly. The most important is who have decided? do not mind all right. clearly, plainly, this is wisdom; do not mind, it is meditation; Dinghui such repair, martial arts will make progress. With time, and one can appreciate the Buddha realm.
which many people want to do, but can not do, why not? fundamental reason is that not all living creatures, no longevity. Mahayana outside, unable to enter the gate. This statement is not good experience, stood out a little shallow, that is, we have weak, and slowly the removal, to no selfish, who have decided as a society, as living beings, we can into the Buddhist environment. hope that fellow practitioners to experience a lot, a serious effort to turn this idea. 240, Zen concept, focus on eating a meal, driving to concentrate on driving. but Pure Land practice, eat Buddha, Buddha is also walking, whether with one mind, lack of concentration? In fact, the net is the same with the Zen, there is no difference. If the job needs to think, put the Buddha down; if the manual labor work, without thinking, the work can also be Buddhism. As for the car when the Buddha, with one mind is really easy to go wrong. So, concentrate on work at work, when you concentrate on Buddha Buddha, on the right. 241, and the Western Pure Land Pure Land Changji light What's the difference? state the same? identical Changji fruit on the ground alone, if they visit the card, all the Jiguang soil of all the Buddhas are the same. 242, my mother had read twenty years Japan's Buddha Pure Land to survive, to survive if you do not pray to Buddha Pure Land, the gifted missed. 243, just listen to the master's been and who chanted, whether as law this practice? Buddhist further studies, regardless of which path to enlightenment, whether success lies in the . can be achieved.'s Most Excellent Pure Land Dharma, Dharma is that it is the second force. We must depend on Foli escorts, and their induction as long as there is specialization. Among other Famennian relies entirely on the self, much more difficulty. If your inability to eliminate karma, Duan Fannao, beyond the Three Realms was not easy, must be clear. 244, Western Pure Land Master of praise to the uttermost, said: a little too much? ; You say that we have in this world, the Western Paradise, there can not we have this place, that place his air, which is does not make sense. of said space, the phase indeed there. Therefore, we must believe that the Western Paradise indeed the world has, they are not to fall pray to Buddha. As for the What problems can be solved. 245, Banzhou such as law or by the line is not as good as law? such as law, we are actually imitating Banzhou Samadhi Buddha. monk (that is, Devon monk), he taught the Buddha Dharma Zenzai lad is ninety days can not sleep, can not sit down, this is not ordinary people can do. Therefore, to around the Buddha Buddha Buddha main hall is Banzhou samadhi. degenerated time people do not have the mental, physical, and indeed around tired, forced to the next break, take a seat. If poor health, unable to walk, you can read lying down, asleep reading, sitting, reading; if the body could be maintained around the Buddha decided to mainly around the time of the Buddha must be long. 246, does the sick soldier back to the present, is the karmic creditors ridden, six, seven years, doctors diagnosed schizophrenia, is now living spirit of the nursing home. How do I help him eliminate karma? this matter not insurmountable, the problem is there is no people are willing to help him; real people willing to help him, and decided to get induced. common land and water law will, release method will not work because the force is too weak, no induction. How have the sensor? Head women and women of light is the best example of Brahman. Optical Head is female and female Brahman sincere heart, to help pro-family dependents out of misery, hair is the real state of mind. Brahmin women chanting day and night, at least to do as one does not disorder, which is a remarkable achievement. First, the Bodhisattva, one who suffer.
day or seven days if you can, read to this effort, he will have a degree. if it is not the effort, is also good for him, but not easy to recover . Therefore, it was really the heart and, really for the Buddha, as Buddha, he is the Buddha's dependents, he will be able to get degrees. is by no means Youkouwuxin, read a little after, and read several times on the Great Compassion Mantra effective, can only be read than do not read well, the real effect is very limited, should know. 248, if someone is under the evil spell, how should I do? This is sorcery, and in many parts of China. I was a child studying in Guizhou, western Henan, Guizhou, with Miao people are poisoning, with the similar. All in all, the heart is, the line is, naturally good god bless, especially Buddha who read the decision Buddhas protect and will not encounter these sorcerers. though sorcerers also encountered Do not fear, as long as the life and death see very light, not afraid to die. to compassion, and every thought for all living beings, and I live in this body for the public life of the world, for the living Buddha, all evil will be far outside the Ghost from the left. Why? you have law enforcement protection is God, Buddha nursing study. Those who encounter these things, it stresses are also retribution. retribution thing is endless, we decided to do these silly things. if achieve the deceased was, in the ashes after cremation, do not put into the urn, should I do? died by the so-called Dharani is, do not put into the urns, incineration enough. the best to the temple inside the cremation incineration, which If the law is. 250, some scholars say is the musical culture of Confucianism, Buddhism is Kugan culture, is this cause between the inner? without cause. say such things, did not find out of Confucian, and Buddhist family did not find out. Sidel Buddhist people from suffering, how is Kugan culture? he do not understand Buddhism, not to ignore what he said. 251, Bodhisattva Guanyin, I wash, do not accidentally get a finger broken, how should I do? does not matter, the Buddha would not blame you. Jieshang Qu even better if not connected to does not matter, because you are not intentional. intentionally have sin, you are not yourself, do not put In the heart, honest read like the Goddess of Mercy. 252, when the disciples looked at the Buddha statues, and read a very appropriate time, eyes closed, to see all of the environmental objects, including doors, windows, frames, statues, are bright. they had been when listening to tired, eyes closed above situation also appeared, but several fellow practitioners on the head in front of shine. Buddha in the appears, for example, see the Buddha shine, this is a good state, there appeared a very terrible devil evil realm. But whether it is Buddha environment, Magic Land, is not going to bother, do not mind, is a good state; if the heart, often think, it is easy obsession into Magic Land. have these realms do not have to tell people. Zen patriarch often say: sutra, . 253, recite twenty minutes, not Dawang Xiang, having a martial arts into a film? can be reborn? Twenty minutes later, paranoia was underway, and how to do? people in the dying Buddha Da Wangxiang not have twenty minutes to decide passed away. So, usually to be able to maintain, the longer the better to keep the time, the total force in the dying need them. usually is training, training, dying is the war. whether success lies in the dying moments. Therefore, we can not not Salford, can not accumulate virtue, if not Salford Jide, Lin Mingzhong, the karmic creditors to disrupt, passed away this opportunity to recite the whole students are a barrier. this situation I have seen in the past have Yuanshan Rinzai Temple a Recitation Society, vice president of the Lin Daoqi Fuzhou Lay is very pious. Buddha is held once a week, Lin Jushi when Weina, read very well, and ritual objects are struck well. But when he Lin Mingzhong, demons are before, I heard the chanting hate, afraid to die, people bewildered.
there are many Buddha's fellow practitioners, have dementia, confusion, which can not be reborn. reborn in the Western Paradise of the conditions, the first One is conscious, it is blessing. Therefore, we Salford, now do not enjoy, so enjoy life again when Lin Mingzhong, the blessing is that people clearly understand. people dying well, to understand, even if not to survive the Western Paradise, decided not to fall into the three lower realms. all the three lower realms to be reborn, in a muddle, confusion to go. Thus, the usual tired plot work ethics, Duane rehabilitated more than anything else. and effort into the film, the decision is to down million margin, can be achieved. 254, how to get the Samadhi Buddha? Samadhi compete with superficial, deep, the difference a lot. The first is into martial arts films, generally easy to get mortals, the Health Van Saint cohabitation soil; the second is not as one thing disorder, which is higher in the Samadhi Buddha, see trouble thinking broken, raw land is more than convenient; third is bent on chaos management, which is the highest Samadhi Buddha, most people may not be life, this is breaking a product of ignorance, permit a sub-body of law, the Health and FACT solemn soil.
how can I get? other Bodhisattvas say: . Bono environment run on six Wangwaimian Liu Chen, eyes like to see, ears like to hear bad habits have been troubled by the turn. Buddha taught us to put six back, eyes not to look outside the state, specifically to see Amitabha; ears do not listen outside voice, specifically to listen to the chanting; such as one dedicated to easy achievement Samadhi. Bodhisattva Ming Miao say: . Buddha taught us: do not cling to it? know good and evil is very important! Yin Kuang focus on teaching life in this door, he used and live. It can cause achievements of our Buddha passed away.
how to do is not attached? This effort must be really cognitive , and know the , dharmas is empty. Buddhism we are from all delusion, namely, rigid, right decision. 256, under my father in the gas anger, said: you these Buddhist people. parents, Feng Shi teachers. You still have to do in accordance with Buddhist ritual, this is truly filial. 257, we are always dying people reciting, but some people say: accounts. Buddha said, to help two people died, to sophisticated than your own; to help a dozen people died, and your reward for limitless; to help hundreds of people died, you are a true bodhisattva. reciting Buddha is to help people died This is the first and so merit the world, no more than the merit of the Most Excellent. all to follow the Buddha, the Buddhist four of us according to the law: law failing people, meaning non-compliance by language, can not be defined according to the meaning of non-compliance, identify non-compliance by Chile (depending on not follow emotional sense). So, to those who say there is no evidence, casually rumors, can not win the trust of people. 258, point of butter lamps before the Buddha, butter milk, milk is blood and sweat of the mother. ancient no electricity, forgiven, and now power developed, with electricity, using candles, vegetable oil will do, we should not use butter lamps? your opinion is true that we have here before the Buddha an oil lamp lit, this is not butter, vegetable oil. Buddha is a table in front of the law for the lights, light a symbol of burning yourself, someone else shine, take the mean; we see this light, we must think of us as willing to sacrifice themselves as light, to help others. Buddha taught us to use this method, let us not forget self-sacrifice. So, with the lights , most likely with the candle table method, with the lights on is not easy to perceive. 259, his disciples at school sometimes, but not to the effort into a piece of Buddha, please show mercy to open. This matter can not worry, we can not neglect, as long as honest read Just go. really be honest, it is not an easy thing. the ancient saying: edge down as one million Buddha, with no distractions, delusions, such people have achieved. The second is the Such people are easily achieved. is among the most trouble, a lot of delusional thoughts, after listening a lot of skepticism: the Buddha read a few years, how has no news? me to read in the end there is not effective? so that both the issues raised are not honest, honest people will not be a problem. But the question must be asked, previously doing business, very high price to sell things, I bought the same high price for the Master Jiaoren. Another time, sell the syrup to wash washing tables, blisters much less syrup, was bought by the temple. Will Is this monk guilty of stealing things? this without my answer, you already answered. for the disciples of the Buddha, Buddhism, important for further studies of our first principle is 261, my mother is a Christian before his death, had lived for many years, I occasionally dream about in a dream. I support the mother in the photo next to Buddha, Buddha every day, reading such as the law. This situation is a folk custom of burning paper money for him, because he was mostly in ghosts; if it is Buddhist, he shall recite, chant, the merits be dedicated to him. 262, if a person lived, one day in one breath broken open whether the reborn Buddha Machine? in the last resort under the can. We want to always use the Buddha Machine, with the habit, do not break, very helpful to the dying Buddha. 263, a disciple of Buddha way to practice breathing, Long-Quan Ming dynasty plug, each exhale, read a word, four words chanted for a loop, continuous, light a few minutes silence will enter the state of security, when the chanting stops automatically. If at this time deliberately brought Beige, as in testing the waters of the lake, quiet child, and even now are chanted in the calm before the disturbance, under this condition, the state should remain silent, or be brought Beige, so that uninterrupted?
by this method Buddha, the realm of silence is read to the former, this is a kung fu, the martial arts is very shallow, called So chanted to rain thick uninterrupted. other Bodhisattvas Buddha taught the method:
Wednesday, February 23, 2011
Dialogue Wang Xiaolu Yang Yao reform in Russia more successful than the Chinese do
【Series of interviews with three decades of reform and opening one of the】
dialogue Wang Xiaolu Yang Yao: Russia's reform more successful than the Chinese do?
Of: spare the Southern Weekend reporter from Beijing 2008-07-10 08:38: 53
Source: Southern Weekend article】 【Southern Weekend website:
Wang Xiaolu: Chinese Economic Reform Research Foundation National Economy
Yao Yang, deputy director of the Institute: Center for Economic Research, Peking University, deputy director of
which one is better at a glance
10 years of growth is temporary, 20 years is a kind of inertia, said China is not successful for 30 years, despite the fact that a little bit. an increase of 30 years, basically completed the reform of the economy, this now Russia is certainly a huge achievement than ..
assume that Russia would not go bad just changed for the better, assuming that the same good is only worse in China, said that Russia's reforms to China's reform and better than that.
SW: comparing China and Russia different transition path, the Western view is that a greater impact than the choice of Russia, China, how do you see?
Wang Xiaolu: reform is successful, the majority of the people depends on the evaluation and personal experience. Looking at the results from the current Both the pros and cons of reform at a glance. China's reform, people generally benefit is the fact that Russia in the 1990s, regardless of the level of GDP or the lives of ordinary people have dropped significantly, GDP fell almost half in 1990. Putin came to power situation in the recovery, but so far have not returned to the best pre-reform levels. can not let people in general benefit from the reform, how can it be a good reform?
SW: Western point of view, it is this generation of Russian choice, they have to pay the cost, and the future of China would also like to pay the costs, and costs may be too great to imagine.
Wang Xiaolu: China's reform did not change the end. political system has not yet commenced, and some very important issues unresolved. will of course continue to pay the cost of reform. But why say that China is going to pay the cost of Russia's future earnings are obtained? This is no factual basis for the subjective imagination. We have seen 30 years see progress in China. Russian reforms almost 20 years we have seen, saw the disaster caused by shock therapy. It caused great social divide, a small number of oligopolistic resources and interference in domestic affairs, and will let the public continue to pay the cost. in just people are not formally voted to measure is not enough.
Yao Yang: the need to ask is, if the future better than China, Russia, and how better than China, because what better than China?
1990 mid- I just came back with the small Lu also had a discussion, I said not too early to judge what kind of transition more successful. But over a decade now, I think we can judge by. the Chinese have gone through 30 years, 10 years growth may be temporary (many Latin American countries experienced 10 years of growth), may be an inertia of 20 years, 30 years, said China is not successful, despite the fact that I feel a little bit.
growth for 30 years, our transformation basically passed, and I think basically completed the reform of the economy, there may be some small, technical things that need improvement, but the larger economic framework we have laid down, and this is certainly more than with Russia, a huge success. First said that economic reforms, we will certainly go better than them, we do not need some sacrifice, no sacrifice we have growth, he sacrificed a generation, the decline in life expectancy, now only 56 years old, 16 years lower than ours.
We are going up, him go down, have to say that Russia is successful, we do not succeed, apparently ignoring the fact a statement.
SW: not to deny the achievements of China now, but said at this stage can not conclude.
Yao Yang: China as static, China is no longer changed?
Wang Xiaolu: Assuming Russia does not change the bad place where only the change for the better, and assume that the Chinese can no longer good place changed, only change to the bad place. based on a series of unrealistic assumptions in order to reform the Russian reform, better conclusions than the Chinese.
China and Russia have no other choice before the Soviet Union
Gorbachev's political reforms and is inseparable from the Soviet Union, is the result of his lack of political ability. And the Yeltsin era reforms make great explosion is entirely political needs. Chubais to his ideas, said the political basis of the original system should crushed, the original system, which benefit the economy cut off from, which is a wholly political considerations, not economic considerations.
Chinese leaders at that time chose to cross the river by feeling the stones , dual parallel, incremental reform. Looking back, it was able to pipe a little more tightly, to prevent profiteering so openly Yuli? can not do a little more transparent, more orderly point? perfectly! but we can not deny the two-track system effectiveness.
ready history tells us, the world's successful model already exists a market economy, this thing is actually a practical thing, not the theory looks better on the choice of a market economy so.
South Weekend: Another important issue is the discussion of the initial conditions of reform. Sachs, Wing Thye Woo and Yang in their article on the transition and constitutional in that, because the pre-reform level of industrialization in China is not high, so that we can be progressive incremental reform, while Russia's highly industrialized so that they can only choose a radical shock therapy, there was no alternative.
Yang Yao: Yingyi Qian, Xu Chenggang in the United States, article, a similar conclusion. They believe that the Soviet Union's planned economy was very successful and basically realized the strip of economic management, while China's planned economy is not high, or the block management. strip the power of management is relatively large, so from The most effective way, China is bound to be gradual reform, and the Soviet Union is bound to be a comprehensive reform of the radical.
Wang Xiaolu: This analysis emphasizes the pre-reform China and the difference between the former Soviet Union, there is some truth. but can not accordingly the former Soviet Union launched the conclusion that there can be only shock therapy can take this road? I do not think so.
SW: Gorbachev was trying to learn Chinese, take the gradual route, but did not go to school.
Sachs Their explanation is that this is determined by initial conditions. because the Soviet industrial output in the high proportion of GDP, the overall economy is relatively high profit margins, a higher proportion of a smaller industrial sector can afford to subsidize the agricultural sector, their collective income of the farmers with farm workers or less. and agriculture in GDP in 1978 accounted for more than 60% of the income of farmers is far below the city's workers, making reform more than the private sector can be a farmer, than workers wage levels in a large number of staff employed to ensure that these private companies can survive, can grow, compete on the state-owned enterprises, which makes incremental reform can succeed. The Soviet Union is not going to change, the last only with shock therapy. < br> Wang Xiaolu: I do not support this view, the initial conditions is indeed not the same as China and the Soviet Union, Soviet Union, China was higher than the level of industrialization and agricultural sector, not so many people, China's agricultural sector is still a large population, low starting point, China per capita income, GDP is lower, these are the initial conditions.
Soviet industry is highly specialized, roads management, such a system into a competitive system to a relatively more difficult to disrupt the re- combination, it is more painful. The Chinese departments and regions, the role of management is relatively heavy, relatively easy regional and regions to compete with smaller degree of change up the pain, which I think is right. but only that China is such an initial condition, the initial stage of reform to benefit more significantly, it may be said that reform is more likely that, can not say that China can only go this way and only that way the Soviet Union.
he has his conditions, but the Soviet Union's reform is not on the actual conditions in accordance with the reform measures taken, is another matter. even if he has this series of conditions, roads management, and professional division of labor, a relatively high proportion of industry, but there is no may take a more incremental approach, do not do this all the upset over again overnight shock therapy, I think that is possible.
failure of incremental reform, said the Soviet Union was to go this route now, this is inaccurate In 1988 I went to visit the Soviet Union, saw he had a series of reform measures, and China's reforms in the early 1980s are very similar: one is to join the Republic of delegating powers and benefits to all, a portion of investment is transferred to the republic; Another is to expand the autonomy of enterprises, engage in early China, the three funds is similar to the bonus incentive to increase these things, China's industrial reform is taking the dual pricing system, he was also exploring this path, for example, some companies allow overcapacity 5% can get the market price to decide, by supply and demand decisions. This discovery has been made at the initial benefits, not go elsewhere.
dual pricing system reform is actually a great benefit to China, because the market prices at the margin works, adjust the supply and demand, adjust the allocation of resources. If all of canceled the planned price overnight, the entire economic system to a standstill, the key to success in China is to avoid the economic paralysis, and through the reform of the marginal increment the introduction of market mechanisms. Even without that non-state enterprises, a single talk state-owned enterprises, the initial stages when the two-track approach also played an important role in fact.
Yang Yao: Why did the Soviet Union was this the right way to go into what?
Wang Xiaolu: The key is for political reasons .1989 coup, and then Boris Yeltsin came to power, took office announced that Russia independence from the Soviet Union, first of all political disintegration, and fully accept the shock therapy proposed by the West, is actually reversed asymptotic test in front of doctrine.
SW: go on trial is not an accident?
Wang Xiaolu: for political reasons.
SW: shock therapy, first introduced in Poland, Poland's relatively successful reforms Russia also sent a large study mission to Poland.
Yao Yang: I think the reasons are political. Poland, after all, is a unified country, and relatively small size, the state does not split off, and the entire Soviet Union experienced major political turmoil in Poland against the Solidarity trade union and the government so long, when the transition is relatively better, the Soviet Union's political turmoil will hurt too much.
I agree with the views of small Lu. Yingyi Qian they All roads managed to write an article called the U-model, called the M-type management departments and regions, and that M-and U-type differences, there is no problem. but if you use this to explain the difference between China and the former Soviet Union, different roads , it seems that the same fate decision, it seems a little too mechanical.
SW: You basically do not agree with the judge mm economic conditions within the different decisions they can only choose two different paths.
Yang Yao : In fact, the pre-election political reform the Soviet Union, Gorbachev apparently are inseparable, I think that it is because they lack the political capacity of Gorbachev results.
Wang Xiaolu: Looking back China, the political wisdom of the older generation of politicians is the not the.
SW: So the initial conditions have to be coupled with a highly executive mm capacity of our political leaders, when the selected target, know what works best better to achieve the target?
Yao Yang: Yes. I have read memoirs written by Americans, there is a section on Mikhail Gorbachev, in his anxious Party congress, . can not be successful? Gorbachev that the resistance from the bureaucracy, his first bureaucratic system that need to settle, that is, the resistance through the elimination of political reform, the results met with greater resistance, so that put all things all messed up.
Yao Yang: I think it can accept such explanations. This shows that Gorbachev did not have enough political wisdom, he does not know how to resolve the political resistance, China's reform and opening up our political resistance within the party also Great.
1978, the thousands of miles when the Anhui Provincial CPC Committee, Wang Yuzhao engage in Chuxian peasants, the central leadership in charge of agriculture know to call thousands of miles, requiring thousands of miles to stop, thousands of miles back to find Deng Xiaoping, Deng Xiaoping said you can try when resistance is not small.
Wang Xiaolu: there is still a debate, I saw the report, the old Du (Du Runsheng) about, say, a veteran agricultural population that contrary to socialist principles household production contract package, can not promote, Miles said it was the request of the people, people just want enough to eat it. and then talk about production contract package who retired households not taking the socialist path of prosperity, contrary to the basic socialist orientation. Miles of socialism and the people you say To what? the former say I want to socialism, Miles said, I want the people.
whether in China or the Soviet Union, the resistance is not small, the key is how to get down.
SW: A About 30 years ago Reform of the argument is that the situation in China was bad to not get any worse, and Deng Xiaoping's decision, it seems a particularly natural choice, try to change at any point will have a positive effect. from your experiences and feelings, in fact, did not Then the inevitable, but the choice was very difficult, are not you?
Wang Xiaolu: Yes. In fact, when the reform started much debate, can make a production contract pack customers, can the development of township enterprises, private enterprises are not allowed to allow the existence of prices can not let go, to what extent a series of open debate hh, then go step by step, so long a walk, a.
keep up the Soviet Union than I think there is a critical difference. China's leadership was people chose to cross the river by feeling the stones, through the exploration and accumulation of experience, and gradually solve the problems between the reform, and gradually transition over to the system. This philosophy is the practice of reform first. because the system from a planned to a market system , no country in the world with experience, the experience is neither ready nor ready-made theories mm economic theory are a summary of the market economy, prices play a role in how, how changes in supply and demand, these things are already in the market economy exists, then economists to conclude the market is how it works. As for how a planned economy to a market economy, who do not know how to turn, what will happen.
life in the planned economy for so many years , we did not have any personal experience about the market economy mm at that time I little knowledge about the market economy is Samuelson's Economics textbook view, read Capital when reading is to jump the queue in the countryside, and look Yugoslavia's a little something mm fact, no one witnessed how the market economy is really going on. Our generation came from the liberation, but it is not a typical market economy, those who stay over ocean, such as Deng Xiaoping, saw market economy, but he does not know how to transition, you ask any Western economists do not have any experience in this area. But the success of the market economy is a fact of human experience proves things. planned economy with market economy defeated in the competition, it is also true. so we know what general direction of reform. But how to go, or to rely on exploration.
economics textbook alone, took a ready-made according to the theoretical model The following sets can not solve the problem, the reform of a series of complex social problems, economic problems from the textbooks do not find ready-made answers. In this case, only one step to cross the river by feeling the stones, and now look back on this The logic of reform is the only kind of valid.
SW: Is it because people go in front, there are lessons we can see, so China has insisted gradualism?
Wang Xiaolu: Actually, we are certain reforms in the 1990s acceleration, select the progressive is to be laid down in the line of the 1980s.
progressive because the first you can not see the second you see some of the measures will have serious effects. For example, dual pricing system, then we World Bank economists discussed the issue, they said it must be wrong, the coexistence of two different price systems, two different sets of signals will cause confusion in the economy, the final results will lead to economic collapse.
I remember that we have no more arguments with their theoretical basis. But the fact is, for example, steel prices was 600 yuan a ton, the market price of 2,000 yuan a ton, a large number of enterprises in China as the raw material of steel, assuming overnight Cancel plans steel price, steel prices will surge, iron and steel enterprises are making, but the cost of other companies will die a sudden mm high several times, but the prices do not rise up. What does this mean? China can not afford a sudden between the number of corporate bankruptcies, tens of millions of workers lost their jobs? What can raise their short-term? can not afford. If the same downstream product prices also rose up, still not a good thing, because people can not afford. This is the reality that we faced at the time. Because can not afford the consequences, you can only accept the progressive reform, you can sell some overcapacity 2,000 a ton, or less than the original plan by 600 yuan a ton of sales.
course, this also generated a lot of problems the middle. back too far, it was able to pipe a little more tightly, reducing the middle of the rent-seeking behavior, to prevent profiteering openly Yuli? can not do a little more transparent, more orderly point? perfectly! but can not deny the role of two-track system. < br> overnight price liberalization in China is not enough, in the case of the Soviet Union was the same way, and he may bring the issue is more complicated, because, according to many economists to say when he plans a thorough than that of China, distorting the allocation of resources serious than that of China, price reform overnight, the possible adverse impact will be severe than China. These cases in China, we can see why they can not see? can not because you go down this path, I must say so go, there is no other choice. It does not make sense. You have to see him practice what is brought.
shock therapy, in fact, no theory. If the theoretical model, only one sentence, that is not a two-hop over a ditch, only a step jump. But China is also a ditch in the past, we divided the number of jump past!
Yao Yang: You can ride slowly walked over a bridge.
Wang Xiaolu: in fact the Soviet Union was leading reform group, the impact on the community, to disregard the negative impact of the people, do not take into account.
Yang Yao: Chubais was the American economic advisers wrote a book Why did engage in that type of reform, the big bang is completely political needs. Chubais to Yeltsin at ideas that make the political basis of the original system, crushed, the original system, which benefit the people cut off from the economic, Let the people happy with the privatization. He said that privatization would create a number of support once the regime who are now so many people will support us.
This is a political consideration, not an economic consideration. Yeltsin because of the political need to do so.
was a clear statement that we go to create a fait accompli as soon as possible to the original regime will never come back, the sooner the better, at the artificially created through the privatization of a number of oligarchs, who mastered these economic lifeline.
SW: China's reform and the internal logic is right, because human society does not have the same experience, so we should take a step to see?
Yao Yang: Yes. This philosophy is not only a reference to the transition role, in fact, many other countries, including developing and developed countries, has value, everything you do may have been to hold such a pragmatic attitude. pragmatism easy to be misunderstood the word, I call it pragmatic doctrine. American philosophy is the philosophy of pragmatism.
have to do things step by step, we have to accept the so-called second-best arrangement, each time with a little improvement can be done after a good ten years. Many the same problems faced by developing countries to achieve the optimal state is unlikely. For example, the problem of corruption, we all hate corruption, but corruption, an efficient government not too difficult, Hong Kong, Singapore is very rare in other places The government has corruption, a different extent.
another country has come to us, and usually not the same sense of pragmatism is that we have a place to practice, practice with pragmatism, practice pragmatism, we not to say that the world has changed we have to follow the change, we have a practice of the process, continue to test, allowing you to make mistakes, you can do wrong, wrong and we changed.
Wang Xiaolu: At that time many people began to In considering the planned economy and market economy, different, a lot of theoretical discussion was not released, saying publicly that a market economy can not be good, but you can say that the commodity economy is good, that is the market economy, in fact, understand that the knowledge that belly Ming.
Why the market economy is good, in fact, this theory is not good because the market economy, not to say that this theory did not solve the problems of others. We think that the market economy is good, because modern humans, modern historical experience proved successful market economy, non-market economy is not so successful experience, socialist countries started looking planned economy to be successful, then more clearly not the end, we feel that there is no way out, and must be changed. how they change? ready History tells us that the world already on the successful model of a market economy, this thing is actually a practical thing, not a theory it looks better on the choice of a market economy, not the truth.
reform of the then Soviet Union I think that is the pattern first. I pay more attention to the practice first. practice tells me something, and logic tells me something which I believe more in the end, this is the first.
Second, economic theory stresses Pareto optimal, Pareto improvement, what is a Pareto improvement? through the reallocation of resources, at least some people better, but no one is worse, at least some people benefit, but no damage. < br> a reallocation of resources, some people benefit from the damage to the others, it is hard to judge this is not good, this is not Pareto optimal. If a few people benefit most damage, it is not only not a Pareto improvement, but social deteriorated. Russia is a direct result of the reform to benefit the majority minority damaged.
Putin, the Russian people why so welcomed by Putin came to power
why so popular? people hate oligarchy of those who died, why did you become a billionaire overnight, and eventually control the global .1990 to 1998 Russia's GDP fell by 57%, the cumulative inflation rate is 2000 times ten. In addition to World War II, what a disaster has not this big.
Putin of Russia to stabilize, he was disgusted with the West since taking office, but the West have a strategic vision, the people will thank him, or Russia may be in turmoil, will be a very destabilizing factor.
SW: not the same with China, most of China's rich accumulation of wealth through a long process of the birth of Russia's oligarchs overnight.
Wang Xiaolu: Yes. is by luck, by the relationship, by an internal person, cut Horno Merkin year the All-Union state-owned natural gas company's chairman, became prime minister. gas companies privatized, licensed to own, to get all the hands of Russian gas are, why all the property of the Russian people have changed into a person you had?
1992 completely abandon the planned price in Russia, a market price overnight, overnight, privatization, price level for the year soared 16 times, from 1992 to 1994 is about 600 times, the people how to live? business sold, the design of the program seems very fair, to give you what card is worth ten million rubles, take this card to buy shares in enterprises, but also engaged in shock therapy the price reform overnight, ten thousand rubles to buy a pair of leather shoes is gone, this card becomes the year with nothing. while a few savvy people the hands of the merchants began to purchase warrants cheap, concentrated in the hands of one person put the business to buy down. But he did not understand the business before, he only know from the people who look for opportunities to get rich, overnight became a business owner, and then further reform, the price the big oil companies refuse to sell with others, a flash of between the monopoly, came out.
Yang Yao: seemingly unfair means, the results become a serious injustice. These unscrupulous oligarchs play later, When the condemned into the game playing field.
SW: This is so dirty!
Yao Yang: Putin came to power why so popular? people hate those people, so how can you become a billionaire overnight Finally, the overall situation into control. now that the former richest man in prison, called the vote in parliament, Mr said that his request to vote according to the condition from the $ 300,000 added to the 50 million, 80 million U.S. dollars, they do not accept the , told him not to go out to vote you will be killed, and now you money or your life? to this situation is not arrested him, this country is not a country, and by these oligarchs control. on his disposal, the West is very large overall bias.
Wang Xiaolu: some people by saying the West, Putin came to power against the oligarchs, a step backwards, back the market economy, to return to government intervention, the retreat of state capitalism.
Yao Yang: I would think this is a U.S. conspiracy mm oligarchy if Russia becomes a country, is clearly very beneficial for the United States, he did not want Russia to see a normal, if this country become like Latin America Like much easier to control, while the oligarchs of the more Western support.
I saw an Australian economist, wrote, Putin did the right thing. the West has seen Russia insight dangerous, could become fascist society, but also could become the same as Latin America, compared with a sense of justice of the West is aware of Russia that the country is going down again.
Wang Xiaolu: If Boris Yeltsin came to power counting, 1990 to 1998 Russia's GDP fell by 57%, almost half did not, the cumulative inflation rate is ten thousand times. In addition to World War II, what did not this big disaster, most people's living standards have declined.
the general population decreased levels of nutrition, infant mortality rose. There are some people out of work had to freeze to death in the street, it is probably an alcoholic. The average life expectancy is falling so.
Yao Yang: I believe, another 10 or 20 years, sure some people back long-term impact evaluation of the Russian transition. that time is definitely better than a child born during the birth of the child's physical difference, as we have three children born during the same famine.
Putin came to power Westerners are disgusted, but he did do good things, making Russia stabilized, the resources could have been people coming back from the hands of oligarchs, and perhaps the outside right, he has accumulated a fortune, but he is after all for the people back to the resource.
course, he met a good time, the oil prices up, but if not him, all the benefits of price increases to the oligarchs, then we can imagine, is certainly now the guy in prison When the president, his billions of dollars of wealth, would like to be doing what mm you can get this thing to buy votes, you can buy anyone's life. If the control is such a person, Russia will become what? I think the West strategic vision, the people will thank Putin, Russia may be chaos otherwise, will be a very destabilizing factor.
SW: So, this generation of radical reform is in fact not the Russian people's own choice?
Wang Xiaolu: No completely controlled by the minority. Yeltsin shooting itself in the foot, he made oligarchs, and later found himself being anti-oligarchic control, and then later begged oligarchs support him when the last elections mm, if not involved in oligopoly He did not be elected, and finally let him through the oligarchs to borrow money.
1990's, I have a degree in Australian universities, and a .90 Ukrainian students share an office late, I visited the United Nations University to learn , and Russia, often to a visiting scholar with the drink, they talk about what happened to the former Soviet Union endless hate.
where the value of China's road
markets and democracy is not the ultimate goal? ultimate goal should be to Let the people get benefits, improved to develop opportunities for people throughout the country today than yesterday and tomorrow better than today, this should be the supreme goal.
China's reform and to come today, a very important factor in neglected, that is, the Chinese government is neutral government, the so-called neutral government, is the Government's policy choices and interests of the majority consensus approach, rather than tend to a specific interest group. It is unique in developing countries.
risk the future of China, the first stop of growth, the second is even more unfair society, one is efficiency, and one is on fairness. has become a Latin American, or become the Republic of the back Republic of the danger of bureaucratic capitalism.
Yang Yao: what happened in Russia and Eastern Europe, decision-makers in China have great touch. they get the information both on the one hand to do practical things to the people, there must be economic growth, if Without economic growth, social unrest will; the second is to speed up the reform, I think that speed up the reform in the 1990s with the Soviet Union and the changes may still have relations, related to but not the other way, is that reform of the Soviet Union and Eastern, we need to speed up .
our relentless pursuit of reform in the 1990s, many of them in the 1980s to make some adjustments on the edge, largely based rural reform.
Wang Xiaolu: But in the 1990s when the state-owned enterprise reform, according to the proportion term non-state enterprises have been more than state-owned enterprises. I through the 1980s reforms, has become a growing non-state sector, although market adjustment state-owned enterprises, but his performance as non-state enterprises, and develop than non-state slow the development of enterprises, resulting in the proportion of non-state enterprises account for a growing, so the long-term poor management of state-owned enterprise into a burden, so that by 90 years, some enterprises simply have to sell such calculations.
Yang Yao : In the beginning there is a plan to reform state-owned enterprises, in 1984, this issue Moganshan session, but then this thing down, and not to say that change. China this transition, not much in terms of system by leaps and bounds, but our way is unique way, is valuable.
SW: Where is the best value?
Yao Yang: We go this way is valuable, not only for the Chinese themselves valuable for the world is valuable. in the domestic scholars critical of the government too much, I'm not saying that criticism does not, but one-sided criticism that foreign perceptions of China are biased. be friendly to Western scholars often say that China is a miracle But China is not how he came to ask, you have to say what China over the past 30 years, things go right, otherwise we can not go so well. The key is we do not have a very good summary of how to go on, and most of criticism, but also in foreign countries is basically well-known criticism of the Chinese people in China.
Wang Xiaolu: easy to criticize the Chinese famous.
Yao Yang: China Communist Party of China, after all, developed under the system, not Taiwan South Korea did in the Cold War, when given the opportunity to develop. China is a developing country as an authoritarian regime developed, Western society in China are very alert and afraid of China to the West to this model, he has become authoritarian by. Here are biased.
Summing up from the front over the past 30 years, we have not done too, and too little, Lin teachers have done in this area is relatively good, but he basically said that a comparative advantage ...
dialogue Wang Xiaolu Yang Yao: Russia's reform more successful than the Chinese do?
Of: spare the Southern Weekend reporter from Beijing 2008-07-10 08:38: 53
Source: Southern Weekend article】 【Southern Weekend website:
Wang Xiaolu: Chinese Economic Reform Research Foundation National Economy
Yao Yang, deputy director of the Institute: Center for Economic Research, Peking University, deputy director of
which one is better at a glance
10 years of growth is temporary, 20 years is a kind of inertia, said China is not successful for 30 years, despite the fact that a little bit. an increase of 30 years, basically completed the reform of the economy, this now Russia is certainly a huge achievement than ..
assume that Russia would not go bad just changed for the better, assuming that the same good is only worse in China, said that Russia's reforms to China's reform and better than that.
SW: comparing China and Russia different transition path, the Western view is that a greater impact than the choice of Russia, China, how do you see?
Wang Xiaolu: reform is successful, the majority of the people depends on the evaluation and personal experience. Looking at the results from the current Both the pros and cons of reform at a glance. China's reform, people generally benefit is the fact that Russia in the 1990s, regardless of the level of GDP or the lives of ordinary people have dropped significantly, GDP fell almost half in 1990. Putin came to power situation in the recovery, but so far have not returned to the best pre-reform levels. can not let people in general benefit from the reform, how can it be a good reform?
SW: Western point of view, it is this generation of Russian choice, they have to pay the cost, and the future of China would also like to pay the costs, and costs may be too great to imagine.
Wang Xiaolu: China's reform did not change the end. political system has not yet commenced, and some very important issues unresolved. will of course continue to pay the cost of reform. But why say that China is going to pay the cost of Russia's future earnings are obtained? This is no factual basis for the subjective imagination. We have seen 30 years see progress in China. Russian reforms almost 20 years we have seen, saw the disaster caused by shock therapy. It caused great social divide, a small number of oligopolistic resources and interference in domestic affairs, and will let the public continue to pay the cost. in just people are not formally voted to measure is not enough.
Yao Yang: the need to ask is, if the future better than China, Russia, and how better than China, because what better than China?
1990 mid- I just came back with the small Lu also had a discussion, I said not too early to judge what kind of transition more successful. But over a decade now, I think we can judge by. the Chinese have gone through 30 years, 10 years growth may be temporary (many Latin American countries experienced 10 years of growth), may be an inertia of 20 years, 30 years, said China is not successful, despite the fact that I feel a little bit.
growth for 30 years, our transformation basically passed, and I think basically completed the reform of the economy, there may be some small, technical things that need improvement, but the larger economic framework we have laid down, and this is certainly more than with Russia, a huge success. First said that economic reforms, we will certainly go better than them, we do not need some sacrifice, no sacrifice we have growth, he sacrificed a generation, the decline in life expectancy, now only 56 years old, 16 years lower than ours.
We are going up, him go down, have to say that Russia is successful, we do not succeed, apparently ignoring the fact a statement.
SW: not to deny the achievements of China now, but said at this stage can not conclude.
Yao Yang: China as static, China is no longer changed?
Wang Xiaolu: Assuming Russia does not change the bad place where only the change for the better, and assume that the Chinese can no longer good place changed, only change to the bad place. based on a series of unrealistic assumptions in order to reform the Russian reform, better conclusions than the Chinese.
China and Russia have no other choice before the Soviet Union
Gorbachev's political reforms and is inseparable from the Soviet Union, is the result of his lack of political ability. And the Yeltsin era reforms make great explosion is entirely political needs. Chubais to his ideas, said the political basis of the original system should crushed, the original system, which benefit the economy cut off from, which is a wholly political considerations, not economic considerations.
Chinese leaders at that time chose to cross the river by feeling the stones , dual parallel, incremental reform. Looking back, it was able to pipe a little more tightly, to prevent profiteering so openly Yuli? can not do a little more transparent, more orderly point? perfectly! but we can not deny the two-track system effectiveness.
ready history tells us, the world's successful model already exists a market economy, this thing is actually a practical thing, not the theory looks better on the choice of a market economy so.
South Weekend: Another important issue is the discussion of the initial conditions of reform. Sachs, Wing Thye Woo and Yang in their article on the transition and constitutional in that, because the pre-reform level of industrialization in China is not high, so that we can be progressive incremental reform, while Russia's highly industrialized so that they can only choose a radical shock therapy, there was no alternative.
Yang Yao: Yingyi Qian, Xu Chenggang in the United States, article, a similar conclusion. They believe that the Soviet Union's planned economy was very successful and basically realized the strip of economic management, while China's planned economy is not high, or the block management. strip the power of management is relatively large, so from The most effective way, China is bound to be gradual reform, and the Soviet Union is bound to be a comprehensive reform of the radical.
Wang Xiaolu: This analysis emphasizes the pre-reform China and the difference between the former Soviet Union, there is some truth. but can not accordingly the former Soviet Union launched the conclusion that there can be only shock therapy can take this road? I do not think so.
SW: Gorbachev was trying to learn Chinese, take the gradual route, but did not go to school.
Sachs Their explanation is that this is determined by initial conditions. because the Soviet industrial output in the high proportion of GDP, the overall economy is relatively high profit margins, a higher proportion of a smaller industrial sector can afford to subsidize the agricultural sector, their collective income of the farmers with farm workers or less. and agriculture in GDP in 1978 accounted for more than 60% of the income of farmers is far below the city's workers, making reform more than the private sector can be a farmer, than workers wage levels in a large number of staff employed to ensure that these private companies can survive, can grow, compete on the state-owned enterprises, which makes incremental reform can succeed. The Soviet Union is not going to change, the last only with shock therapy. < br> Wang Xiaolu: I do not support this view, the initial conditions is indeed not the same as China and the Soviet Union, Soviet Union, China was higher than the level of industrialization and agricultural sector, not so many people, China's agricultural sector is still a large population, low starting point, China per capita income, GDP is lower, these are the initial conditions.
Soviet industry is highly specialized, roads management, such a system into a competitive system to a relatively more difficult to disrupt the re- combination, it is more painful. The Chinese departments and regions, the role of management is relatively heavy, relatively easy regional and regions to compete with smaller degree of change up the pain, which I think is right. but only that China is such an initial condition, the initial stage of reform to benefit more significantly, it may be said that reform is more likely that, can not say that China can only go this way and only that way the Soviet Union.
he has his conditions, but the Soviet Union's reform is not on the actual conditions in accordance with the reform measures taken, is another matter. even if he has this series of conditions, roads management, and professional division of labor, a relatively high proportion of industry, but there is no may take a more incremental approach, do not do this all the upset over again overnight shock therapy, I think that is possible.
failure of incremental reform, said the Soviet Union was to go this route now, this is inaccurate In 1988 I went to visit the Soviet Union, saw he had a series of reform measures, and China's reforms in the early 1980s are very similar: one is to join the Republic of delegating powers and benefits to all, a portion of investment is transferred to the republic; Another is to expand the autonomy of enterprises, engage in early China, the three funds is similar to the bonus incentive to increase these things, China's industrial reform is taking the dual pricing system, he was also exploring this path, for example, some companies allow overcapacity 5% can get the market price to decide, by supply and demand decisions. This discovery has been made at the initial benefits, not go elsewhere.
dual pricing system reform is actually a great benefit to China, because the market prices at the margin works, adjust the supply and demand, adjust the allocation of resources. If all of canceled the planned price overnight, the entire economic system to a standstill, the key to success in China is to avoid the economic paralysis, and through the reform of the marginal increment the introduction of market mechanisms. Even without that non-state enterprises, a single talk state-owned enterprises, the initial stages when the two-track approach also played an important role in fact.
Yang Yao: Why did the Soviet Union was this the right way to go into what?
Wang Xiaolu: The key is for political reasons .1989 coup, and then Boris Yeltsin came to power, took office announced that Russia independence from the Soviet Union, first of all political disintegration, and fully accept the shock therapy proposed by the West, is actually reversed asymptotic test in front of doctrine.
SW: go on trial is not an accident?
Wang Xiaolu: for political reasons.
SW: shock therapy, first introduced in Poland, Poland's relatively successful reforms Russia also sent a large study mission to Poland.
Yao Yang: I think the reasons are political. Poland, after all, is a unified country, and relatively small size, the state does not split off, and the entire Soviet Union experienced major political turmoil in Poland against the Solidarity trade union and the government so long, when the transition is relatively better, the Soviet Union's political turmoil will hurt too much.
I agree with the views of small Lu. Yingyi Qian they All roads managed to write an article called the U-model, called the M-type management departments and regions, and that M-and U-type differences, there is no problem. but if you use this to explain the difference between China and the former Soviet Union, different roads , it seems that the same fate decision, it seems a little too mechanical.
SW: You basically do not agree with the judge mm economic conditions within the different decisions they can only choose two different paths.
Yang Yao : In fact, the pre-election political reform the Soviet Union, Gorbachev apparently are inseparable, I think that it is because they lack the political capacity of Gorbachev results.
Wang Xiaolu: Looking back China, the political wisdom of the older generation of politicians is the not the.
SW: So the initial conditions have to be coupled with a highly executive mm capacity of our political leaders, when the selected target, know what works best better to achieve the target?
Yao Yang: Yes. I have read memoirs written by Americans, there is a section on Mikhail Gorbachev, in his anxious Party congress, . can not be successful? Gorbachev that the resistance from the bureaucracy, his first bureaucratic system that need to settle, that is, the resistance through the elimination of political reform, the results met with greater resistance, so that put all things all messed up.
Yao Yang: I think it can accept such explanations. This shows that Gorbachev did not have enough political wisdom, he does not know how to resolve the political resistance, China's reform and opening up our political resistance within the party also Great.
1978, the thousands of miles when the Anhui Provincial CPC Committee, Wang Yuzhao engage in Chuxian peasants, the central leadership in charge of agriculture know to call thousands of miles, requiring thousands of miles to stop, thousands of miles back to find Deng Xiaoping, Deng Xiaoping said you can try when resistance is not small.
Wang Xiaolu: there is still a debate, I saw the report, the old Du (Du Runsheng) about, say, a veteran agricultural population that contrary to socialist principles household production contract package, can not promote, Miles said it was the request of the people, people just want enough to eat it. and then talk about production contract package who retired households not taking the socialist path of prosperity, contrary to the basic socialist orientation. Miles of socialism and the people you say To what? the former say I want to socialism, Miles said, I want the people.
whether in China or the Soviet Union, the resistance is not small, the key is how to get down.
SW: A About 30 years ago Reform of the argument is that the situation in China was bad to not get any worse, and Deng Xiaoping's decision, it seems a particularly natural choice, try to change at any point will have a positive effect. from your experiences and feelings, in fact, did not Then the inevitable, but the choice was very difficult, are not you?
Wang Xiaolu: Yes. In fact, when the reform started much debate, can make a production contract pack customers, can the development of township enterprises, private enterprises are not allowed to allow the existence of prices can not let go, to what extent a series of open debate hh, then go step by step, so long a walk, a.
keep up the Soviet Union than I think there is a critical difference. China's leadership was people chose to cross the river by feeling the stones, through the exploration and accumulation of experience, and gradually solve the problems between the reform, and gradually transition over to the system. This philosophy is the practice of reform first. because the system from a planned to a market system , no country in the world with experience, the experience is neither ready nor ready-made theories mm economic theory are a summary of the market economy, prices play a role in how, how changes in supply and demand, these things are already in the market economy exists, then economists to conclude the market is how it works. As for how a planned economy to a market economy, who do not know how to turn, what will happen.
life in the planned economy for so many years , we did not have any personal experience about the market economy mm at that time I little knowledge about the market economy is Samuelson's Economics textbook view, read Capital when reading is to jump the queue in the countryside, and look Yugoslavia's a little something mm fact, no one witnessed how the market economy is really going on. Our generation came from the liberation, but it is not a typical market economy, those who stay over ocean, such as Deng Xiaoping, saw market economy, but he does not know how to transition, you ask any Western economists do not have any experience in this area. But the success of the market economy is a fact of human experience proves things. planned economy with market economy defeated in the competition, it is also true. so we know what general direction of reform. But how to go, or to rely on exploration.
economics textbook alone, took a ready-made according to the theoretical model The following sets can not solve the problem, the reform of a series of complex social problems, economic problems from the textbooks do not find ready-made answers. In this case, only one step to cross the river by feeling the stones, and now look back on this The logic of reform is the only kind of valid.
SW: Is it because people go in front, there are lessons we can see, so China has insisted gradualism?
Wang Xiaolu: Actually, we are certain reforms in the 1990s acceleration, select the progressive is to be laid down in the line of the 1980s.
progressive because the first you can not see the second you see some of the measures will have serious effects. For example, dual pricing system, then we World Bank economists discussed the issue, they said it must be wrong, the coexistence of two different price systems, two different sets of signals will cause confusion in the economy, the final results will lead to economic collapse.
I remember that we have no more arguments with their theoretical basis. But the fact is, for example, steel prices was 600 yuan a ton, the market price of 2,000 yuan a ton, a large number of enterprises in China as the raw material of steel, assuming overnight Cancel plans steel price, steel prices will surge, iron and steel enterprises are making, but the cost of other companies will die a sudden mm high several times, but the prices do not rise up. What does this mean? China can not afford a sudden between the number of corporate bankruptcies, tens of millions of workers lost their jobs? What can raise their short-term? can not afford. If the same downstream product prices also rose up, still not a good thing, because people can not afford. This is the reality that we faced at the time. Because can not afford the consequences, you can only accept the progressive reform, you can sell some overcapacity 2,000 a ton, or less than the original plan by 600 yuan a ton of sales.
course, this also generated a lot of problems the middle. back too far, it was able to pipe a little more tightly, reducing the middle of the rent-seeking behavior, to prevent profiteering openly Yuli? can not do a little more transparent, more orderly point? perfectly! but can not deny the role of two-track system. < br> overnight price liberalization in China is not enough, in the case of the Soviet Union was the same way, and he may bring the issue is more complicated, because, according to many economists to say when he plans a thorough than that of China, distorting the allocation of resources serious than that of China, price reform overnight, the possible adverse impact will be severe than China. These cases in China, we can see why they can not see? can not because you go down this path, I must say so go, there is no other choice. It does not make sense. You have to see him practice what is brought.
shock therapy, in fact, no theory. If the theoretical model, only one sentence, that is not a two-hop over a ditch, only a step jump. But China is also a ditch in the past, we divided the number of jump past!
Yao Yang: You can ride slowly walked over a bridge.
Wang Xiaolu: in fact the Soviet Union was leading reform group, the impact on the community, to disregard the negative impact of the people, do not take into account.
Yang Yao: Chubais was the American economic advisers wrote a book Why did engage in that type of reform, the big bang is completely political needs. Chubais to Yeltsin at ideas that make the political basis of the original system, crushed, the original system, which benefit the people cut off from the economic, Let the people happy with the privatization. He said that privatization would create a number of support once the regime who are now so many people will support us.
This is a political consideration, not an economic consideration. Yeltsin because of the political need to do so.
was a clear statement that we go to create a fait accompli as soon as possible to the original regime will never come back, the sooner the better, at the artificially created through the privatization of a number of oligarchs, who mastered these economic lifeline.
SW: China's reform and the internal logic is right, because human society does not have the same experience, so we should take a step to see?
Yao Yang: Yes. This philosophy is not only a reference to the transition role, in fact, many other countries, including developing and developed countries, has value, everything you do may have been to hold such a pragmatic attitude. pragmatism easy to be misunderstood the word, I call it pragmatic doctrine. American philosophy is the philosophy of pragmatism.
have to do things step by step, we have to accept the so-called second-best arrangement, each time with a little improvement can be done after a good ten years. Many the same problems faced by developing countries to achieve the optimal state is unlikely. For example, the problem of corruption, we all hate corruption, but corruption, an efficient government not too difficult, Hong Kong, Singapore is very rare in other places The government has corruption, a different extent.
another country has come to us, and usually not the same sense of pragmatism is that we have a place to practice, practice with pragmatism, practice pragmatism, we not to say that the world has changed we have to follow the change, we have a practice of the process, continue to test, allowing you to make mistakes, you can do wrong, wrong and we changed.
Wang Xiaolu: At that time many people began to In considering the planned economy and market economy, different, a lot of theoretical discussion was not released, saying publicly that a market economy can not be good, but you can say that the commodity economy is good, that is the market economy, in fact, understand that the knowledge that belly Ming.
Why the market economy is good, in fact, this theory is not good because the market economy, not to say that this theory did not solve the problems of others. We think that the market economy is good, because modern humans, modern historical experience proved successful market economy, non-market economy is not so successful experience, socialist countries started looking planned economy to be successful, then more clearly not the end, we feel that there is no way out, and must be changed. how they change? ready History tells us that the world already on the successful model of a market economy, this thing is actually a practical thing, not a theory it looks better on the choice of a market economy, not the truth.
reform of the then Soviet Union I think that is the pattern first. I pay more attention to the practice first. practice tells me something, and logic tells me something which I believe more in the end, this is the first.
Second, economic theory stresses Pareto optimal, Pareto improvement, what is a Pareto improvement? through the reallocation of resources, at least some people better, but no one is worse, at least some people benefit, but no damage. < br> a reallocation of resources, some people benefit from the damage to the others, it is hard to judge this is not good, this is not Pareto optimal. If a few people benefit most damage, it is not only not a Pareto improvement, but social deteriorated. Russia is a direct result of the reform to benefit the majority minority damaged.
Putin, the Russian people why so welcomed by Putin came to power
why so popular? people hate oligarchy of those who died, why did you become a billionaire overnight, and eventually control the global .1990 to 1998 Russia's GDP fell by 57%, the cumulative inflation rate is 2000 times ten. In addition to World War II, what a disaster has not this big.
Putin of Russia to stabilize, he was disgusted with the West since taking office, but the West have a strategic vision, the people will thank him, or Russia may be in turmoil, will be a very destabilizing factor.
SW: not the same with China, most of China's rich accumulation of wealth through a long process of the birth of Russia's oligarchs overnight.
Wang Xiaolu: Yes. is by luck, by the relationship, by an internal person, cut Horno Merkin year the All-Union state-owned natural gas company's chairman, became prime minister. gas companies privatized, licensed to own, to get all the hands of Russian gas are, why all the property of the Russian people have changed into a person you had?
1992 completely abandon the planned price in Russia, a market price overnight, overnight, privatization, price level for the year soared 16 times, from 1992 to 1994 is about 600 times, the people how to live? business sold, the design of the program seems very fair, to give you what card is worth ten million rubles, take this card to buy shares in enterprises, but also engaged in shock therapy the price reform overnight, ten thousand rubles to buy a pair of leather shoes is gone, this card becomes the year with nothing. while a few savvy people the hands of the merchants began to purchase warrants cheap, concentrated in the hands of one person put the business to buy down. But he did not understand the business before, he only know from the people who look for opportunities to get rich, overnight became a business owner, and then further reform, the price the big oil companies refuse to sell with others, a flash of between the monopoly, came out.
Yang Yao: seemingly unfair means, the results become a serious injustice. These unscrupulous oligarchs play later, When the condemned into the game playing field.
SW: This is so dirty!
Yao Yang: Putin came to power why so popular? people hate those people, so how can you become a billionaire overnight Finally, the overall situation into control. now that the former richest man in prison, called the vote in parliament, Mr said that his request to vote according to the condition from the $ 300,000 added to the 50 million, 80 million U.S. dollars, they do not accept the , told him not to go out to vote you will be killed, and now you money or your life? to this situation is not arrested him, this country is not a country, and by these oligarchs control. on his disposal, the West is very large overall bias.
Wang Xiaolu: some people by saying the West, Putin came to power against the oligarchs, a step backwards, back the market economy, to return to government intervention, the retreat of state capitalism.
Yao Yang: I would think this is a U.S. conspiracy mm oligarchy if Russia becomes a country, is clearly very beneficial for the United States, he did not want Russia to see a normal, if this country become like Latin America Like much easier to control, while the oligarchs of the more Western support.
I saw an Australian economist, wrote, Putin did the right thing. the West has seen Russia insight dangerous, could become fascist society, but also could become the same as Latin America, compared with a sense of justice of the West is aware of Russia that the country is going down again.
Wang Xiaolu: If Boris Yeltsin came to power counting, 1990 to 1998 Russia's GDP fell by 57%, almost half did not, the cumulative inflation rate is ten thousand times. In addition to World War II, what did not this big disaster, most people's living standards have declined.
the general population decreased levels of nutrition, infant mortality rose. There are some people out of work had to freeze to death in the street, it is probably an alcoholic. The average life expectancy is falling so.
Yao Yang: I believe, another 10 or 20 years, sure some people back long-term impact evaluation of the Russian transition. that time is definitely better than a child born during the birth of the child's physical difference, as we have three children born during the same famine.
Putin came to power Westerners are disgusted, but he did do good things, making Russia stabilized, the resources could have been people coming back from the hands of oligarchs, and perhaps the outside right, he has accumulated a fortune, but he is after all for the people back to the resource.
course, he met a good time, the oil prices up, but if not him, all the benefits of price increases to the oligarchs, then we can imagine, is certainly now the guy in prison When the president, his billions of dollars of wealth, would like to be doing what mm you can get this thing to buy votes, you can buy anyone's life. If the control is such a person, Russia will become what? I think the West strategic vision, the people will thank Putin, Russia may be chaos otherwise, will be a very destabilizing factor.
SW: So, this generation of radical reform is in fact not the Russian people's own choice?
Wang Xiaolu: No completely controlled by the minority. Yeltsin shooting itself in the foot, he made oligarchs, and later found himself being anti-oligarchic control, and then later begged oligarchs support him when the last elections mm, if not involved in oligopoly He did not be elected, and finally let him through the oligarchs to borrow money.
1990's, I have a degree in Australian universities, and a .90 Ukrainian students share an office late, I visited the United Nations University to learn , and Russia, often to a visiting scholar with the drink, they talk about what happened to the former Soviet Union endless hate.
where the value of China's road
markets and democracy is not the ultimate goal? ultimate goal should be to Let the people get benefits, improved to develop opportunities for people throughout the country today than yesterday and tomorrow better than today, this should be the supreme goal.
China's reform and to come today, a very important factor in neglected, that is, the Chinese government is neutral government, the so-called neutral government, is the Government's policy choices and interests of the majority consensus approach, rather than tend to a specific interest group. It is unique in developing countries.
risk the future of China, the first stop of growth, the second is even more unfair society, one is efficiency, and one is on fairness. has become a Latin American, or become the Republic of the back Republic of the danger of bureaucratic capitalism.
Yang Yao: what happened in Russia and Eastern Europe, decision-makers in China have great touch. they get the information both on the one hand to do practical things to the people, there must be economic growth, if Without economic growth, social unrest will; the second is to speed up the reform, I think that speed up the reform in the 1990s with the Soviet Union and the changes may still have relations, related to but not the other way, is that reform of the Soviet Union and Eastern, we need to speed up .
our relentless pursuit of reform in the 1990s, many of them in the 1980s to make some adjustments on the edge, largely based rural reform.
Wang Xiaolu: But in the 1990s when the state-owned enterprise reform, according to the proportion term non-state enterprises have been more than state-owned enterprises. I through the 1980s reforms, has become a growing non-state sector, although market adjustment state-owned enterprises, but his performance as non-state enterprises, and develop than non-state slow the development of enterprises, resulting in the proportion of non-state enterprises account for a growing, so the long-term poor management of state-owned enterprise into a burden, so that by 90 years, some enterprises simply have to sell such calculations.
Yang Yao : In the beginning there is a plan to reform state-owned enterprises, in 1984, this issue Moganshan session, but then this thing down, and not to say that change. China this transition, not much in terms of system by leaps and bounds, but our way is unique way, is valuable.
SW: Where is the best value?
Yao Yang: We go this way is valuable, not only for the Chinese themselves valuable for the world is valuable. in the domestic scholars critical of the government too much, I'm not saying that criticism does not, but one-sided criticism that foreign perceptions of China are biased. be friendly to Western scholars often say that China is a miracle But China is not how he came to ask, you have to say what China over the past 30 years, things go right, otherwise we can not go so well. The key is we do not have a very good summary of how to go on, and most of criticism, but also in foreign countries is basically well-known criticism of the Chinese people in China.
Wang Xiaolu: easy to criticize the Chinese famous.
Yao Yang: China Communist Party of China, after all, developed under the system, not Taiwan South Korea did in the Cold War, when given the opportunity to develop. China is a developing country as an authoritarian regime developed, Western society in China are very alert and afraid of China to the West to this model, he has become authoritarian by. Here are biased.
Summing up from the front over the past 30 years, we have not done too, and too little, Lin teachers have done in this area is relatively good, but he basically said that a comparative advantage ...
Tuesday, February 22, 2011
Improper care segmental vitiligo to be careful
Segmental vitiligo itself is not terrible, for fear that due to improper care and the development of pan-segmental vitiligo vitiligo hair. In order to prevent the increased segmental vitiligo, vitiligo or hair into a pan, and we do care how to do a good vitiligo?
Limitations vitiligo area is limited, yet it is not difficult to treat, but if life does not do a good job preventing segmental vitiligo, once the pan hair into unimaginable consequences.
localized turn will increase the difficulty of the Pan-hair treatment limitations
mild symptoms of vitiligo, white patches are more concentrated in one location, small size, the treatment is not difficult. In general, this type of treatment of vitiligo is not difficult, daily care is even more critical. localized vitiligo itself is not terrible, afraid is due to improper care and the development of pan-segmental vitiligo vitiligo hair. Once limited to the development of pan-onset vitiligo vitiligo treatment difficult it will be much larger.
segmental vitiligo
care should pay attention to the problem in order to prevent localized Vitiligo increase, and even hair into a pan of vitiligo patients in their daily life, we should note the following aspects:
1. diet. Eat healthy, balanced nutrition. eat or not eat the food of the adverse conditions, such as vitamin C and more food, wine, spicy food, etc..
2. Do not over-exposure to ultraviolet light. excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation will accelerate the consumption of the skin, melanocytes, while skin cells to produce toxins will lead to damage melanocytes.
3. to maintain positive and healthy attitude. mind or health condition on the development of vitiligo has a significant impact, healthy and positive attitude will accelerate the cure for the disease and negative attitude will delay the progress of treatment, worse.
4. patients daily the focus of care is to avoid aggravation, make daily care segmental vitiligo, vitiligo into pan to prevent early onset is an important aspect of the treatment of vitiligo.
experts, Changzheng Hospital of Shijiazhuang Reminder: Please majority of patients, once the patient in a timely manner to the formal professional hospital for treatment, do not listen to his words, a fundamental treatment of vitiligo, comprehensive treatment of vitiligo, follow doctor's orders, with the treatment, I wish you a speedy recovery!
Limitations vitiligo area is limited, yet it is not difficult to treat, but if life does not do a good job preventing segmental vitiligo, once the pan hair into unimaginable consequences.
localized turn will increase the difficulty of the Pan-hair treatment limitations
mild symptoms of vitiligo, white patches are more concentrated in one location, small size, the treatment is not difficult. In general, this type of treatment of vitiligo is not difficult, daily care is even more critical. localized vitiligo itself is not terrible, afraid is due to improper care and the development of pan-segmental vitiligo vitiligo hair. Once limited to the development of pan-onset vitiligo vitiligo treatment difficult it will be much larger.
segmental vitiligo
care should pay attention to the problem in order to prevent localized Vitiligo increase, and even hair into a pan of vitiligo patients in their daily life, we should note the following aspects:
1. diet. Eat healthy, balanced nutrition. eat or not eat the food of the adverse conditions, such as vitamin C and more food, wine, spicy food, etc..
2. Do not over-exposure to ultraviolet light. excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation will accelerate the consumption of the skin, melanocytes, while skin cells to produce toxins will lead to damage melanocytes.
3. to maintain positive and healthy attitude. mind or health condition on the development of vitiligo has a significant impact, healthy and positive attitude will accelerate the cure for the disease and negative attitude will delay the progress of treatment, worse.
4. patients daily the focus of care is to avoid aggravation, make daily care segmental vitiligo, vitiligo into pan to prevent early onset is an important aspect of the treatment of vitiligo.
experts, Changzheng Hospital of Shijiazhuang Reminder: Please majority of patients, once the patient in a timely manner to the formal professional hospital for treatment, do not listen to his words, a fundamental treatment of vitiligo, comprehensive treatment of vitiligo, follow doctor's orders, with the treatment, I wish you a speedy recovery!
Monday, February 21, 2011
Men who will pay the first love, after all, may no longer be serious about love
One girl wrote that passage, see the confusion of love, in fact, men who will pay the first love of all, it may no longer serious about love, I guess not. Original thoughts and I see the following :
Original:
Or so I have some sour envy. because he has never done that to me, I actually thought that he would not, I actually thought he was a naturally stiff, do not sweet talk will not be vigorous love love will not get angry or happy, the original No, he will, but only to say the object is not me, or, to say the say have been said to the girl to play, to me this is not a hh I do not know, because that was his first love, So it did serve? or because I went after him, so he does not care so much about me? or, I'm not his true love, so the girl did not like me? or is it, now older (in fact, also only 24), not the original passion??
I'm so confused ... so sad ... the boys, you are not all fond memories of first love? you are not chasing your girls do not care, even if already men and women friends? you are not paying only for the first time love the most, after getting dropped? you are not grown up, there is no passion when young? br> man's heart, remember remember!!!
the first time that serious loss of love, the men may not be true as well for the future of the girl, and not its strength, no passion, nor of romantic love belief in it! some things, once in a lifetime. When a man loved heart, after all the pay to pay, and whole-hearted effort to take over, had tried to give her everything you want to try for her death, but the rewards is indifferent, in the loneliness of waiting, the efforts of the last effort in drops did nothing disheartened, and other older, no passion, coupled with great pressure, the old do not want to mention, lack of effort, but unfortunately there is not vision of pure love again I believe. love, faith and hope, feelings of loyalty lost after a haven for men, love is what everything does not matter, so many people to go to a third party package lover, or even to prostitution, sense of these phenomena is normal!
a man's heart cold, and difficult to heat up again, all irreversible ah ah
woman to forgive a man that it, in addition to your first love to take advantage of the men outside,
other blame Maker!!!
Original:
Or so I have some sour envy. because he has never done that to me, I actually thought that he would not, I actually thought he was a naturally stiff, do not sweet talk will not be vigorous love love will not get angry or happy, the original No, he will, but only to say the object is not me, or, to say the say have been said to the girl to play, to me this is not a hh I do not know, because that was his first love, So it did serve? or because I went after him, so he does not care so much about me? or, I'm not his true love, so the girl did not like me? or is it, now older (in fact, also only 24), not the original passion??
I'm so confused ... so sad ... the boys, you are not all fond memories of first love? you are not chasing your girls do not care, even if already men and women friends? you are not paying only for the first time love the most, after getting dropped? you are not grown up, there is no passion when young? br> man's heart, remember remember!!!
the first time that serious loss of love, the men may not be true as well for the future of the girl, and not its strength, no passion, nor of romantic love belief in it! some things, once in a lifetime. When a man loved heart, after all the pay to pay, and whole-hearted effort to take over, had tried to give her everything you want to try for her death, but the rewards is indifferent, in the loneliness of waiting, the efforts of the last effort in drops did nothing disheartened, and other older, no passion, coupled with great pressure, the old do not want to mention, lack of effort, but unfortunately there is not vision of pure love again I believe. love, faith and hope, feelings of loyalty lost after a haven for men, love is what everything does not matter, so many people to go to a third party package lover, or even to prostitution, sense of these phenomena is normal!
a man's heart cold, and difficult to heat up again, all irreversible ah ah
woman to forgive a man that it, in addition to your first love to take advantage of the men outside,
other blame Maker!!!
Sunday, February 20, 2011
New Year (vii) dam good scenery toad
Must go to the dam is the dam toad.
Toad dam is located in Hebei and Inner Mongolia Keqi the junction of the territory of Ulan Buh system is a gentle slope from the high, triangular is the dam in the toad, you can see the scenery of the ditch, you can also ditch opposite afar landscape, mountains, birch, grass .... here is hilly and mountainous topography unique, colorful autumn scenery, mountains and plains of the leaves, flow Jin Yi Dan, clusters of leaves, the bright yellow of the birch leaves together, come together to form a picture depicting nature itself. And it is another piece of the winter scene: snow, cattle and sheep flocks, smoke curl upwards. Ham Dam is the atmosphere, is the dam one of the most out of the film, but unfortunately the local villagers eager to make a fortune, and now the camera platform surrounded by barbed wire had a tight, need to pay 10 yuan per ticket.
Toad dam is located in Hebei and Inner Mongolia Keqi the junction of the territory of Ulan Buh system is a gentle slope from the high, triangular is the dam in the toad, you can see the scenery of the ditch, you can also ditch opposite afar landscape, mountains, birch, grass .... here is hilly and mountainous topography unique, colorful autumn scenery, mountains and plains of the leaves, flow Jin Yi Dan, clusters of leaves, the bright yellow of the birch leaves together, come together to form a picture depicting nature itself. And it is another piece of the winter scene: snow, cattle and sheep flocks, smoke curl upwards. Ham Dam is the atmosphere, is the dam one of the most out of the film, but unfortunately the local villagers eager to make a fortune, and now the camera platform surrounded by barbed wire had a tight, need to pay 10 yuan per ticket.
Thursday, February 17, 2011
Ayu chestnuts levy progress
20110130 progress.
forehead to a small change, small change brow + eyelids, lips, small change, change it a little nose. ears piled up two pieces of land, but also Mody shape.
uh, found isolated points the nose, bridge of the nose on both sides have to make back what.
natural light, in addition to crop outside the narrow add watermarks without making other treatment. probably because of the recent move to miss the wind has ears small melon, so a bit out of a small levy signs of jug ears ... ... uh, we have to change. Please carrot fingers 54 I now OTZ
20110129 progress.
major changes in the brow, forehead, small change, thick lips, small chin change.
a bit pseudo-face makeup.
following Baizhu Dan ~
bonnet not move, so the old rough OTZ
Spring Festival is approaching day by day, tired.
old child is always happy New Year.
< p> Because the Chinese New Year is a holiday, you can not do their homework, parents would take me out to see what light ... ... I asked the old low, can You Dewan like.
now feel happy New Year That is because the did not have to play.
to entertain guests to prevent the trouble naughty kids, but also spend money like water.
Yesterday Dad colleagues to guests.
head in a pinch because of the relationship, out of the balcony and the rooms are clean of clay dust OTZ so long ago dragged up the old clean-up.
Saowan the guests came. mother to open the door, the door opens I am silly, and did not expect the guests with his daughter ... ... and I'm not the little guys off dark room.
so cups , the cheese was lifting his hat pulled shoes Q
Fortunately, my mother in time for the voice to stop the child before further action ... ... to eat tofu mom really know me QAQ
Well, there are the well educated children, staring at the most, at least not stretched hands.
Shashi Hou spent a quarter of the new body toward it 0_0 though Ayu is the body I was satisfied but still am looking forward to ah
forehead to a small change, small change brow + eyelids, lips, small change, change it a little nose. ears piled up two pieces of land, but also Mody shape.
uh, found isolated points the nose, bridge of the nose on both sides have to make back what.
natural light, in addition to crop outside the narrow add watermarks without making other treatment. probably because of the recent move to miss the wind has ears small melon, so a bit out of a small levy signs of jug ears ... ... uh, we have to change. Please carrot fingers 54 I now OTZ
20110129 progress.
major changes in the brow, forehead, small change, thick lips, small chin change.
a bit pseudo-face makeup.
following Baizhu Dan ~
bonnet not move, so the old rough OTZ
Spring Festival is approaching day by day, tired.
old child is always happy New Year.
< p> Because the Chinese New Year is a holiday, you can not do their homework, parents would take me out to see what light ... ... I asked the old low, can You Dewan like.
now feel happy New Year That is because the did not have to play.
to entertain guests to prevent the trouble naughty kids, but also spend money like water.
Yesterday Dad colleagues to guests.
head in a pinch because of the relationship, out of the balcony and the rooms are clean of clay dust OTZ so long ago dragged up the old clean-up.
Saowan the guests came. mother to open the door, the door opens I am silly, and did not expect the guests with his daughter ... ... and I'm not the little guys off dark room.
so cups , the cheese was lifting his hat pulled shoes Q
Fortunately, my mother in time for the voice to stop the child before further action ... ... to eat tofu mom really know me QAQ
Well, there are the well educated children, staring at the most, at least not stretched hands.
Shashi Hou spent a quarter of the new body toward it 0_0 though Ayu is the body I was satisfied but still am looking forward to ah
Wednesday, February 16, 2011
Share delicious sweet Valentine's Day Love in the Western Great Raiders (Figure)
Guangxi News Network reporter tube Linhua She
Guangxi News Net (press control Lin Hua) Chinese New Year festive atmosphere has not dissipated, Valentine's Day passion followed, this is a romantic day, a loved one, is also the best time to express love. This reporter has learned that foreign holiday detonated the first large-scale food and beverage industry promotions, Nanning have been offering various restaurant packages, sending flowers, chocolates and other projects to attract lovers. Affected by price rises, a symbol of sweet love packages have gone up, or about 10%.
Cafe: Scatter freshly package
annual Valentine's Day sales season are Western industry, in order from the The Just past the beginning of June, many restaurants started manufacturing romantic.
Recently, this reporter visited Nanning cafe to see some large, some of the restaurant entrance has a new dress by flowers, creating a warm and romantic visual atmosphere. It is reported that most of the hotels, coffee shops for Valentine's Day packages are freshly baked, small restaurant into the peak booking Valentine's Day packages, booking more than 3 percent the total number of seats.
At the same time, BIZ and some other caf�� coffee business, said Valentine's Day does not accept reservations, customers first come, first meal, the restaurant manager, told reporters that Miss Huang, Valentine's Day is the peak dining period Once the book will be very difficult to ensure the provision of the normal operations of the restaurant.
Valentine's Day meal because the amount is more than double the usual, produced serve to ensure the speed, most restaurants tend to offer only packages consumption. This reporter learned that, although some restaurants do not provide booking services this year, but consumption patterns become more diversified than ever, in addition to the traditional course, but also allows customers to scatter, to meet customer demand for a variety of tastes. According to rough statistics, press, scatter, two forms of consumer packages at the same time accounting for up to 5 into a restaurant above.
restaurant: prices rose an as
restaurant according to the package prices shows that most consumer standard of 158 yuan to 200 yuan between, these packages include steak, soup products, wine, etc., for both human consumption. Of course, some star hotels were offered for 1,000 yuan or more high-end packages to meet consumer demand for high-end couples.
Although moderate levels of consumption are mostly packages, but compared to last year, the package prices rose slightly, a restaurant manager, Miss Wei told reporters that package increase of about 8% -10%, mainly by the meat prices and other factors. The package to 168 yuan, for example, rose 10%, the price levels close to 185 dollars. In addition to price increases, but usually enjoy preferential membership card, Gold, Silver, etc., in the Valentine's Day is no longer enjoy the
Valentine's Day Package prices for the situation, the reporter interviewed some young people were, they say, such gains can be accepted. Xiao Dong said the people, Valentine's Day once a year, and loved to share a romantic dinner, even tens of dollars to spend can be understood.
Guangxi News Net (press control Lin Hua) Chinese New Year festive atmosphere has not dissipated, Valentine's Day passion followed, this is a romantic day, a loved one, is also the best time to express love. This reporter has learned that foreign holiday detonated the first large-scale food and beverage industry promotions, Nanning have been offering various restaurant packages, sending flowers, chocolates and other projects to attract lovers. Affected by price rises, a symbol of sweet love packages have gone up, or about 10%.
Cafe: Scatter freshly package
annual Valentine's Day sales season are Western industry, in order from the The Just past the beginning of June, many restaurants started manufacturing romantic.
Recently, this reporter visited Nanning cafe to see some large, some of the restaurant entrance has a new dress by flowers, creating a warm and romantic visual atmosphere. It is reported that most of the hotels, coffee shops for Valentine's Day packages are freshly baked, small restaurant into the peak booking Valentine's Day packages, booking more than 3 percent the total number of seats.
At the same time, BIZ and some other caf�� coffee business, said Valentine's Day does not accept reservations, customers first come, first meal, the restaurant manager, told reporters that Miss Huang, Valentine's Day is the peak dining period Once the book will be very difficult to ensure the provision of the normal operations of the restaurant.
Valentine's Day meal because the amount is more than double the usual, produced serve to ensure the speed, most restaurants tend to offer only packages consumption. This reporter learned that, although some restaurants do not provide booking services this year, but consumption patterns become more diversified than ever, in addition to the traditional course, but also allows customers to scatter, to meet customer demand for a variety of tastes. According to rough statistics, press, scatter, two forms of consumer packages at the same time accounting for up to 5 into a restaurant above.
restaurant: prices rose an as
restaurant according to the package prices shows that most consumer standard of 158 yuan to 200 yuan between, these packages include steak, soup products, wine, etc., for both human consumption. Of course, some star hotels were offered for 1,000 yuan or more high-end packages to meet consumer demand for high-end couples.
Although moderate levels of consumption are mostly packages, but compared to last year, the package prices rose slightly, a restaurant manager, Miss Wei told reporters that package increase of about 8% -10%, mainly by the meat prices and other factors. The package to 168 yuan, for example, rose 10%, the price levels close to 185 dollars. In addition to price increases, but usually enjoy preferential membership card, Gold, Silver, etc., in the Valentine's Day is no longer enjoy the
Valentine's Day Package prices for the situation, the reporter interviewed some young people were, they say, such gains can be accepted. Xiao Dong said the people, Valentine's Day once a year, and loved to share a romantic dinner, even tens of dollars to spend can be understood.
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